Basham Vincent, Hancock Tom, McKendrick John, Tessarolo Nathalia, Wicking Chrissie
Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Whiteknights Campus, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK.
BP Technology Centre, Berkshire, UK.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2024 Mar 15;38(5):e9682. doi: 10.1002/rcm.9682.
Fully formulated oils (FFOs) are chemically complex petrochemical products composed of base oil and additive mixtures that are employed in automotive engines to provide lubrication. In particular, the additive portion of FFOs is often precisely controlled to tailor the resultant formulation to a specific role. Analysis of the additive composition of both used and unused FFOs is therefore of great importance within the petroleum, automotive, and wider engineering industries.
A simple and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method is reported herein for the analysis of a range of additives commonly encountered in FFO samples. Mass spectrometry was performed using an LTQ Orbitrap XL instrument using both positive- and negative-ion electrospray ionization. Tandem mass spectra were acquired in the data-dependent mode. FFO samples were analysed with minimal sample preparation, limited in this case to simple dilution steps.
The reported method permits analysis of a range of antioxidant, detergent, and antiwear chemistries from various FFO samples in under 10 min. Additionally, it is demonstrated that additive confirmation can be performed and some structural information obtained using the data-dependent tandem mass spectrometry method. Furthermore, analysis of additives and corresponding degradation products within a used FFO is reported.
The results obtained using the reported methodology are of demonstrable use in numerous industries and applications, and readily return an abundance of information on the additive composition of a range of FFO samples. Anticipated applications of the methodology include but are not limited to quality control, suspected counterfeit analysis, and FFO degradation analysis.
全配方油（FFO）是由基础油和添加剂混合物组成的化学复杂的石化产品，用于汽车发动机以提供润滑。特别是，FFO的添加剂部分通常经过精确控制，以使最终配方适合特定用途。因此，分析用过的和未使用的FFO的添加剂组成在石油、汽车及更广泛的工程行业中具有重要意义。
本文报道了一种简单快速的反相高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱法，用于分析FFO样品中常见的一系列添加剂。使用LTQ Orbitrap XL仪器进行质谱分析，采用正离子和负离子电喷雾电离。串联质谱在数据依赖模式下采集。FFO样品只需进行最少的样品制备，在这种情况下仅限于简单的稀释步骤。
所报道的方法能够在10分钟内分析各种FFO样品中的一系列抗氧化剂、清净剂和抗磨剂化学成分。此外，还证明了可以使用数据依赖串联质谱法进行添加剂确认并获得一些结构信息。此外，还报道了对用过的FFO中的添加剂和相应降解产物的分析。
使用所报道方法获得的结果在众多行业和应用中具有明显的用途，并且能够轻松获得有关一系列FFO样品添加剂组成的大量信息。该方法的预期应用包括但不限于质量控制、疑似假冒分析和FFO降解分析。
