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重金属清除蛋白金属硫蛋白通过调控线粒体自噬对冷应激诱发的心肌收缩异常发挥保护作用。

Heavy Metal Scavenger Metallothionein Rescues Against Cold Stress-Evoked Myocardial Contractile Anomalies Through Regulation of Mitophagy.

机构信息

The Second Department of Cardiology, Nanchang City Renmin Hospital, Nanchang, 3330009, China.

The First Department of Cardiology, Nanchang City Renmin Hospital, Nanchang, 3330009, China.

出版信息

Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2024 Feb;24(2):85-101. doi: 10.1007/s12012-023-09823-4. Epub 2024 Feb 14.

Abstract

Cold stress prompts an increased prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity yet the underneath machinery remains unclear. Oxidative stress and autophagy appear to contribute to cold stress-induced cardiac anomalies. Our present study evaluated the effect of heavy metal antioxidant metallothionein on cold stress (4 °C)-induced in cardiac remodeling and contractile anomalies and cell signaling involved including regulation of autophagy and mitophagy. Cold stress (3 weeks) prompted interstitial fibrosis, mitochondrial damage (mitochondrial membrane potential and TEM ultrastructure), oxidative stress (glutathione, reactive oxygen species and superoxide), lipid peroxidation, protein injury, elevated left ventricular (LV) end systolic and diastolic diameters, decreased fractional shortening, ejection fraction, Langendorff heart function, cardiomyocyte shortening, maximal velocities of shortening/relengthening, and electrically stimulated intracellular Ca rise along with elongated relaxation duration and intracellular Ca clearance, the responses of which were overtly attenuated or mitigated by metallothionein. Levels of apoptosis, cell death (Bax and loss of Bcl2, IL-18), and autophagy (LC3BII-to-LC3BI ratio, Atg7 and Beclin-1) were overtly upregulated with comparable p62 under cold stress. Cold stress also evoked elevated mitophagy (decreased TOM20, increased Parkin and FUNDC1 with unaltered BNIP3). Cold stress overtly dampened phosphorylation of autophagy/mitophagy inhibitory molecules Akt and mTOR, stimulated and suppressed phosphorylation of ULK1 and eNOS, respectively, in the absence of altered pan protein levels. Cold stress-evoked responses in cell death, autophagy, mitophagy and their regulatory domains were overtly attenuated or ablated by metallothionein. Suppression of autophagy and mitophagy with 3-methyladenine, bafilomycin A1, cyclosporine A, and liensinine rescued hypothermia-instigated cardiomyocyte LC3B puncta formation and mechanical anomalies. Our findings support a protective nature for metallothionein in deep hypothermia-evoked cardiac abnormalities associated with regulation of autophagy and mitophagy.

摘要

冷应激会增加心血管发病率,但其中的机制尚不清楚。氧化应激和自噬似乎与冷应激诱导的心脏异常有关。本研究评估了重金属抗氧化剂金属硫蛋白对冷应激(4°C)诱导的心脏重构和收缩异常以及涉及的细胞信号的影响,包括自噬和线粒体自噬的调节。冷应激(3 周)引起间质纤维化、线粒体损伤(线粒体膜电位和 TEM 超微结构)、氧化应激(谷胱甘肽、活性氧和超氧自由基)、脂质过氧化、蛋白损伤、左心室(LV)收缩末期和舒张末期直径增大、缩短分数、射血分数、Langendorff 心功能、心肌细胞缩短、最大缩短/舒张速度以及电刺激细胞内 Ca 升高,同时延长舒张时间和细胞内 Ca 清除率,这些反应明显被金属硫蛋白减弱或缓解。凋亡、细胞死亡(Bax 和 Bcl2 丢失、IL-18)和自噬(LC3BII-to-LC3BI 比值、Atg7 和 Beclin-1)水平在冷应激下明显上调,同时伴有 p62 水平升高。冷应激还引起线粒体自噬增加(TOM20 减少,Parkin 和 FUNDC1 增加,BNIP3 不变)。冷应激明显抑制自噬/线粒体自噬抑制分子 Akt 和 mTOR 的磷酸化,分别刺激和抑制 ULK1 和 eNOS 的磷酸化,而不改变总蛋白水平。金属硫蛋白明显减弱冷应激引起的细胞死亡、自噬、线粒体自噬及其调节域的反应。用 3-甲基腺嘌呤、巴弗洛霉素 A1、环孢素 A 和莲心碱抑制自噬和线粒体自噬可挽救低温引起的心肌细胞 LC3B 点状形成和机械异常。我们的研究结果支持金属硫蛋白在与自噬和线粒体自噬调节相关的深低温诱发的心脏异常中具有保护作用。

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