Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Apr;263(Pt 1):130173. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130173. Epub 2024 Feb 13.
Polysaccharides are biomolecules composed of monosaccharides that are widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms and are of interest for their various health benefits. Cumulative studies have shown that the modulation of radiation-induced apoptosis by polysaccharides can be effective in preventing and treating a wide range of radiation injuries with safety and few side effects. Therefore, this paper summarizes the monosaccharide compositions, molecular weights, and structure-activity relationships of natural polysaccharides that regulate radiation-induced apoptosis, and also reviews the molecular mechanisms by which these polysaccharides modulate radiation-induced apoptosis, primarily focusing on promoting cancer cell apoptosis to enhance radiotherapy efficacy, reducing radiation damage to normal tissues, and inhibiting apoptosis in normal cells. Additionally, the role of gut microbiota in mediating the interaction between polysaccharides and radiation is discussed, providing innovative ideas for various radiation injuries, including hematopoiesis, immunity, and organ damage. This review will contribute to a better understanding of the value of natural polysaccharides in the field of radiation and provide guidance for the development of natural radioprotective agents and radiosensitizers.
多糖是由单糖组成的生物分子，广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，因其具有多种健康益处而受到关注。累积的研究表明，多糖对辐射诱导的细胞凋亡的调节可有效预防和治疗多种辐射损伤，且安全性高、副作用少。因此，本文总结了调节辐射诱导的细胞凋亡的天然多糖的单糖组成、分子量和结构-活性关系，并综述了这些多糖调节辐射诱导的细胞凋亡的分子机制，主要集中在促进癌细胞凋亡以增强放射治疗效果、减少正常组织的辐射损伤和抑制正常细胞的凋亡。此外，还讨论了肠道微生物群在介导多糖与辐射相互作用中的作用，为各种辐射损伤，包括造血、免疫和器官损伤，提供了新的思路。该综述将有助于更好地理解天然多糖在辐射领域的价值，并为天然辐射防护剂和放射增敏剂的开发提供指导。
