University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Sports Health. 2024 Mar-Apr;16(2):269-278. doi: 10.1177/19417381241228629. Epub 2024 Feb 16.
The ongoing opioid epidemic and associated adverse effects impart a large burden on our current healthcare system. The annual economic and noneconomic cost of opioid use disorder and fatal opioid overdose is currently estimated at $1 trillion.
This review presents the prevalence, frequency of use, need, and effectiveness of opioid analgesia in the youth and adolescent athlete population. It identifies current indications for opioid versus nonopioid analgesic use in the setting of acute orthopaedic injuries, postoperative management, concussion, and chronic pain. Current knowledge of youth athlete opioid use, risks related to use, misuse, diversion, and addiction are reviewed.
A PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library search was conducted in February 2023 to review opioid pain management strategies in the pediatric athlete population from 2000 to present.
Searches were restricted to English language articles and human subjects. Initial reviews of titles and abstracts were performed by all authors and relevant full-text articles were selected. Priority was given to systematic and narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and prospective studies.
Narrative review.
Level 3.
First author name, publication year, study design, study country, subject demographics, and data on the frequency, type, and duration of analgesic treatments for musculoskeletal injuries, postsurgical care, chronic pain disorders, and concussion were extracted.
Pediatric athletes comprise a high-risk population seeking analgesic relief for injury-related pain. Participation in high school sports is associated with increased risk of opioid use. An average of 28% to 46% of high school athletes have used opioids in their lifetime. Participation in ≥1 high school sport puts adolescents at 30% greater odds of future opioid misuse.
The use of opioids in the pediatric athlete population is common and associated with both short- and long-term risks of misuse and addiction.
阿片类药物的持续流行及其相关的不良反应给我们当前的医疗保健系统带来了巨大的负担。目前，阿片类药物使用障碍和致命阿片类药物过量的年经济和非经济成本估计为 1 万亿美元。
本综述介绍了青年和青少年运动员人群中阿片类药物镇痛的流行率、使用频率、需求和有效性。它确定了在急性骨科损伤、术后管理、脑震荡和慢性疼痛的情况下，阿片类药物与非阿片类药物镇痛的当前适应证。回顾了青少年运动员阿片类药物使用、与使用、滥用、转移和成瘾相关的风险、误用和滥用的当前知识。
2023 年 2 月，通过 PubMed、Medline 和 Cochrane 图书馆检索，对 2000 年至今的儿科运动员人群中阿片类药物疼痛管理策略进行了综述。
搜索仅限于英语文章和人类研究。所有作者都对标题和摘要进行了初步审查，并选择了相关的全文文章。优先考虑系统综述和叙述性综述、荟萃分析和前瞻性研究。
叙述性综述。
3 级。
提取了第一作者姓名、出版年份、研究设计、研究国家、研究对象人口统计学数据以及肌肉骨骼损伤、术后护理、慢性疼痛疾病和脑震荡的镇痛治疗频率、类型和持续时间的数据。
儿科运动员是寻求受伤相关疼痛缓解的高风险人群。参加高中体育运动与阿片类药物使用风险增加有关。平均有 28%至 46%的高中生在他们的一生中使用过阿片类药物。参加≥1 项高中运动使青少年未来滥用阿片类药物的可能性增加 30%。
阿片类药物在儿科运动员人群中的使用很常见，并且与短期和长期滥用和成瘾风险都相关。
