University of Illinois Zoological Pathology Program (ZPP), Brookfield, IL, USA.
Forest Preserve District of Cook County, Elgin, IL, USA.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2024 May;36(3):368-379. doi: 10.1177/10406387241231288. Epub 2024 Feb 19.
We investigated disease trends of concern for fish or public health in a 5-y (2017-2021) prospective survey of fish in Cook County, IL, inland lakes. Lesions were assessed in relation to fish species, lake type and location, season and collection year, and lake water chemistry parameters. Fish included bullheads ( = 98), common carp ( = 99), bluegill ( = 114), and largemouth bass ( = 118). Annually, fish collection and point-source water sampling were conducted in spring, summer, and fall from both seepage and impoundment lakes. Examinations included autopsy, wet-mount cytologic assessment for ectoparasites, and histopathology. No lesions of public health concern were detected. The most common abnormalities were branchitis (261 of 429; 60.8%) and endoparasitism (312 of 429; 72.7%). Branchitis was mild in most cases (189 of 261; 72.4%) and concurrent with branchial parasitism in 175 of 261 (67%) cases. Monogeneans were the most common gill parasites but did not influence branchitis severity (Kruskal-Wallis, = 0.484). Using generalized ordered logistic regression, predictors of branchitis severity included fish species ( < 0.001), the interaction of lake or location and alkalinity ( < 0.001), and water temperature or season ( < 0.001). Endoparasites included tissue larval trematodes (metacercaria), nematodes, and cestodes (plerocercoids), enteric acanthocephalans, gastric trematodes, renal myxosporidia, biliary and gall bladder myxosporidia, enteric cestodes, and tissue microsporidia. Using generalized ordered logistic regression, variables influencing endoparasitism severity included species ( < 0.001), year ( < 0.001), chloride level ( = 0.009), and the interaction of year and chloride level ( < 0.001). Our results suggested overall good health of fish in sampled Cook County inland lakes and provide a foundation for continued monitoring of ecosystem and public health in the urban environment.
我们调查了伊利诺伊州库克县（内陆湖） 5 年（2017-2021 年）鱼类前瞻性调查中对鱼类或公共健康有影响的疾病趋势。将病变与鱼类物种、湖泊类型和位置、季节和采集年份以及湖水化学参数相关联进行评估。鱼类包括牛鼻（98 条）、鲤鱼（99 条）、蓝鳃太阳鱼（114 条）和大口黑鲈（118 条）。每年春季、夏季和秋季都会从渗流湖和蓄水湖采集鱼类并进行单点水源水采样。检查包括尸检、湿载细胞评估外寄生虫和组织病理学。未发现公共卫生关注的病变。最常见的异常是鳃病（429 例中有 261 例；60.8%）和内寄生虫病（429 例中有 312 例；72.7%）。在大多数情况下，鳃病是轻微的（261 例中有 189 例；72.4%），175 例（67%）并发鳃寄生虫病。单殖吸虫是最常见的鳃寄生虫，但不会影响鳃病的严重程度（Kruskal-Wallis， = 0.484）。使用广义有序逻辑回归，鳃病严重程度的预测因子包括鱼类物种（ < 0.001）、湖泊或位置与碱度的相互作用（ < 0.001）以及水温或季节（ < 0.001）。内寄生虫包括组织幼虫吸虫（后尾蚴）、线虫和绦虫（中绦期）、肠棘头虫、胃吸虫、肾微孢子虫、胆管和胆囊微孢子虫、肠绦虫和组织微孢子虫。使用广义有序逻辑回归，影响内寄生虫病严重程度的变量包括物种（ < 0.001）、年份（ < 0.001）、氯化物水平（ = 0.009）以及年份和氯化物水平的相互作用（ < 0.001）。我们的结果表明，在所采样的库克县内陆湖中鱼类总体健康状况良好，并为持续监测城市环境中的生态系统和公共健康提供了基础。
