Ventral abdominal wall incisional hernia is defined as a defect in the musculo-fascial layers of the abdominal wall in the region of the postoperative scar. There is a slight increase in the incidence of incisional hernia in the female gender. The higher percentage of incisional hernia in females might be due to laxity of abdominal wall muscles after multiple pregnancies and also an increased incidence of obesity in females. To assess incisional hernia repair using two different techniques: on-lay mesh and sub-lay mesh, as regards operative time, postoperative recurrence, wound infection, seroma, hematoma, and flap necrosis. Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched on 15 March 2022. The keywords incisional hernia, sub-lay mesh on-lay mesh, retromuscular mesh, and polypropylene. According to our results, there is a statistical difference between onlay and sublay regarding intra-operative time as sublay mesh is more time-consuming. Regarding postoperative complications, there is no statistical difference in recurrence, seroma, hematoma, flap necrosis, and infection but there is a statistical difference regarding in hospital stay as patients with sub-lay repair stays less than only.