Rafique Saba, Jabeen Zohra, Pervaiz Treeza, Rashid Farooq, Luo Sisi, Xie Liji, Xie Zhixun
SB Diagnostic Laboratory, Sadiq Poultry Pvt. Ltd., Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Feb 5;14:1325346. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1325346. eCollection 2024.
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus responsible for substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide by causing a highly contagious respiratory disease. The virus can spread quickly through contact, contaminated equipment, aerosols, and personal-to-person contact. We highlight the prevalence and geographic distribution of all nine genotypes, as well as the relevant symptoms and economic impact, by extensively analyzing the current literature. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis was performed using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA-6), which provided insights into the global molecular diversity and evolution of IBV strains. This review highlights that IBV genotype I (GI) is prevalent worldwide because sporadic cases have been found on many continents. Conversely, GII was identified as a European strain that subsequently dispersed throughout Europe and South America. GIII and GV are predominant in Australia, with very few reports from Asia. GIV, GVIII, and GIX originate from North America. GIV was found to circulate in Asia, and GVII was identified in Europe and China. Geographically, the GVI-1 lineage is thought to be restricted to Asia. This review highlights that IBV still often arises in commercial chicken flocks despite immunization and biosecurity measures because of the ongoing introduction of novel IBV variants and inadequate cross-protection provided by the presently available vaccines. Consequently, IB consistently jeopardizes the ability of the poultry industry to grow and prosper. Identifying these domains will aid in discerning the pathogenicity and prevalence of IBV genotypes, potentially enhancing disease prevention and management tactics.
传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）是一种正链单链包膜RNA病毒，通过引发高度传染性呼吸道疾病给全球家禽业造成巨大经济损失。该病毒可通过接触、受污染的设备、气溶胶以及人际接触迅速传播。我们通过广泛分析当前文献，突出了所有九种基因型的流行情况和地理分布，以及相关症状和经济影响。此外，使用分子进化遗传学分析软件（MEGA-6）进行了系统发育分析，这为了解IBV毒株的全球分子多样性和进化提供了线索。本综述强调，IBV基因型I（GI）在全球普遍存在，因为在许多大陆都发现了散发病例。相反，GII被确定为一种欧洲毒株，随后传播到欧洲和南美洲。GIII和GV在澳大利亚占主导地位，亚洲的相关报道很少。GIV、GVIII和GIX起源于北美。发现GIV在亚洲传播，GVII在欧洲和中国被发现。在地理上，GVI-1谱系被认为仅限于亚洲。本综述强调，尽管采取了免疫和生物安全措施，但由于新型IBV变体的不断引入以及现有疫苗提供的交叉保护不足，IBV仍经常在商业鸡群中出现。因此，IB持续危及家禽业的发展和繁荣能力。确定这些区域将有助于识别IBV基因型的致病性和流行情况，可能会加强疾病预防和管理策略。
