Investigation of Monogenic Diabetes Genes in Thai Children with Autoantibody Negative Diabetes Requiring Insulin.

PURPOSE

The objective of this study was to clarify the phenotypic characteristics of monogenic diabetes abnormalities in Thai children with autoantibody-negative insulin.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Two hundred and thirty-one Thai type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients out of 300 participants with recent-onset diabetes were analyzed for GAD65 and IA2 pancreatic autoantibodies. A total of 30 individuals with T1D patients with negative autoantibody were screened for 32 monogenic diabetes genes by whole-exome sequencing (WES).

RESULTS

All participants were ten men and twenty women. The median age to onset of diabetes was 8 years and 3 months. A total of 20 people with monogenic diabetes carried genes related to monogenic diabetes. The (rs2233580) in ten patients with monogenic diabetes was found. Seven variants of (Val412Ala, Glu737Lys, Gly576Ser, Cys673Tyr, Arg456His, Lys424Glu, and Gly736fs) were investigated in patients in this study. Furthermore, the pathogenic variant, rs115099192 (Pro407Gln) in gene was found. Most patients who carried (c.575G>A, rs2233580) did not have a history of DKA. The pathogenic variant variant (c.1220C>A, rs115099192) was found in a patient with a history of DKA.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated significant genetic overlap between autoantibody-negative diabetes and monogenic diabetes using WES. All candidate variants were considered disease risk with clinically significant variants. WES screening was the first implemented to diagnose monogenic diabetes in Thai children, and fourteen novel variants were identified in this study and need to be investigated in the future.