Department of Health Policy, Unit for Quality of Care and Rights Promotion in Mental Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Early Interv Psychiatry. 2024 Oct;18(10):814-827. doi: 10.1111/eip.13516. Epub 2024 Feb 20.
Increasing attention to the early stages of psychosis and the identification of symptomatic prodromal states have led to the development of a growing number of screening tools. The 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) is a worldwide used self-administered tool for this purpose. However, to date, fundamental psychometric properties of PQ-16 were not thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to examine the structural validity, measurement invariance, reliability and other psychometrical properties of the Italian version of the PQ-16 (iPQ-16) in help-seeking individuals and in the general population.
The iPQ-16 was administered to 449 young outpatients attending six community mental health services and to 318 control participants enrolled in educational environment. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), measurement invariance (MI) between the help-seeking group and the general population sample, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and prevalence analyses were performed. Lastly, the validity of the adopted PQ-16 cut-offs through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves plotted against CAARMS diagnoses was also tested.
CFAs confirmed the single-factor structure for the iPQ-16 and scalar MI was reached. The iPQ-16 showed high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and acceptable diagnostic accuracy. ROC analysis suggested a score of ≥4 as best cut-off.
The iPQ-16 represents a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of high mental risk in both Italian outpatients and general student population. It has good psychometric properties and is easy to implement as UHR screening for clinical as well as research purposes.
对精神病早期和症状前驱状态的识别的关注度不断提高，导致了越来越多的筛选工具的发展。16 项前驱期问卷（PQ-16）是一种全球范围内用于此目的的自我管理工具。然而，迄今为止，PQ-16 的基本心理测量特性尚未得到彻底研究。本研究旨在检验寻求帮助的个体和一般人群中意大利语版 PQ-16（iPQ-16）的结构有效性、测量不变性、可靠性和其他心理测量特性。
向六家社区心理健康服务机构的 449 名年轻门诊患者和教育环境中的 318 名对照组参与者发放 iPQ-16。进行验证性因子分析（CFAs）、寻求帮助组和一般人群样本之间的测量不变性（MI）、收敛效度、测试-重测信度、内部一致性和患病率分析。最后，还通过绘制与 CAARMS 诊断相对应的接收者操作特征（ROC）曲线来测试所采用的 PQ-16 截止值的有效性。
CFAs 证实了 iPQ-16 的单因素结构，并且达到了标度不变性。iPQ-16 表现出较高的内部一致性、测试-重测信度、收敛效度和可接受的诊断准确性。ROC 分析表明，得分≥4 为最佳截止值。
iPQ-16 是一种有效的、可靠的问卷，可用于评估意大利门诊患者和一般学生人群的高心理风险。它具有良好的心理测量特性，易于实施，可作为 UHR 筛查，用于临床和研究目的。
