Recent studies have provided links between glutamine metabolism and bone remodeling, but little is known about its role in primary osteoporosis progression. We aimed to determine the effects of inhibiting glutaminase (GLS) on two types of primary osteoporosis and elucidate the related metabolism. To address this issue, age-related and ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss mouse models were used to study the in vivo effects of CB-839, a potent and selective GLS inhibitor, on bone mass and bone turnover. We also studied the metabolic profile changes related with aging and GLS inhibition in primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and that related with OVX and GLS inhibition in primary bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMM). Besides, we studied the possible metabolic processes mediating GLS blockade effects during aging-impaired osteogenic differentiation and RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation respectively via in vitro rescue experiments. We found that inhibiting GLS via CB-839 prevented OVX-induced bone loss while aggravated age-related bone loss. Further investigations showed that effects of CB-839 treatment on bone mass were associated with alterations of bone turnover. Moreover, CB-839 treatment altered metabolic profile in different orientations between BMSC of aged mice and BMM of ovariectomized mice. In addition, rescue experiments revealed that different metabolic processes mediated glutaminase blockade effects between aging-impaired osteogenic differentiation and RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our data demonstrated the different outcomes caused by CB-839 treatment between two types of osteoporosis in mice, which were tightly connected to the suppressive effects on both aging-impaired osteoblastogenesis and OVX-enhanced osteoclastogenesis mediated by different metabolic processes downstream of glutaminolysis.