Nachson I, Moscovitch M, Umilta C
Department of Criminology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Psychol Res. 1995;58(1):31-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00447087.
The relative efficacy of external and internal features in matching unfamiliar faces was studied in three experiments in which the subjects matched target and test faces differing in terms of external or internal features, or both. In Experiment 1 only full congruency between target and test faces was considered a match; in Experiments 2 and 3 faces sharing the same external and internal features were also considered to be matches. A total of 100 subjects matched 192 pairs of target and test faces in a "same-different" task. Reaction times and matching errors were recorded for analyses of variance. In all three experiments performance was best when either all features matched or all features mismatched, with mismatches having a slight edge. When matches of external and internal features with the target faces were inconsistent with each other, mismatches of external features led to faster responses in Experiments 1 and 2, and mismatches of internal features led to faster responses in Experiment 3. The results suggest that since faces are configurational stimuli, face matching is influenced by the non-relevant set of features; and that mismatches, especially of external features, influence face matching more than matches do.
在三项实验中研究了外部特征和内部特征在匹配不熟悉面孔时的相对效力，在这些实验中，受试者匹配在外部特征、内部特征或两者方面存在差异的目标面孔和测试面孔。在实验1中，只有目标面孔和测试面孔完全一致才被视为匹配；在实验2和实验3中，具有相同外部和内部特征的面孔也被视为匹配。总共100名受试者在一项“相同-不同”任务中匹配了192对目标面孔和测试面孔。记录反应时间和匹配错误以进行方差分析。在所有三项实验中，当所有特征都匹配或所有特征都不匹配时，表现最佳，不匹配略占优势。当外部和内部特征与目标面孔的匹配相互不一致时，在实验1和实验2中，外部特征的不匹配导致更快的反应，在实验3中，内部特征的不匹配导致更快的反应。结果表明，由于面孔是构型刺激，面孔匹配受无关特征集的影响；并且不匹配，尤其是外部特征的不匹配，比匹配对面孔匹配的影响更大。
