Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil.
Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Oct;58(7):2887-2894. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1840-9. Epub 2018 Oct 6.
There has been little evidence of the influence of breastfeeding on childhood eating habits.
To evaluate the association between duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EB) and consumption of ultra-processed foods, fruits and vegetables by Brazilian children.
This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of 403 children age 4-7 years. Food consumption was evaluated by three food records and the foods were grouped by the amount of processing involved (minimal, including fruit and vegetables to ultra-processed foods). Adjusted linear and multinomial regression models were proposed to evaluate the association of EB with children's food intake. Median duration of EB was 4.0 (2.0-6.0) months and the prevalence of EB of 4 months or more was 60.9%.
Mean energy consumption was 1536 kcal/day, 38% of energy was from ultra-processed foods. Mean intake of fruit and vegetables was 130 g/day. For each 1-month increase in duration of EB there was a 0.7% decrease in energy from ultra-processed foods (β: - 0.7; 95% CI: - 1.3 to 0.1; p = 0.038). EB of less than 4 months was associated with the child being in the lowest tercile for consumption of fruit and vegetables (Adjusted OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.0; p = 0.030) and the highest for consumption of ultra-processed foods (adjusted OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.9; p = 0.040).
In addition to other benefits of EB, we emphasize its importance for the formation of healthy eating habits, contributing to a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables and lower consumption of ultra-processed foods in childhood.
母乳喂养对儿童饮食习惯的影响证据有限。
评估巴西儿童纯母乳喂养（EB）持续时间与超加工食品、水果和蔬菜消费之间的关系。
这是一项嵌套在一个 403 名 4-7 岁儿童队列研究中的横断面研究。通过三份食物记录评估食物摄入情况，根据加工程度（包括水果和蔬菜的最低加工和超加工食品）对食物进行分组。提出了调整后的线性和多项回归模型来评估 EB 与儿童食物摄入的关系。EB 的中位持续时间为 4.0（2.0-6.0）个月，EB 持续 4 个月或以上的比例为 60.9%。
平均能量摄入为 1536 千卡/天，能量的 38%来自超加工食品。平均水果和蔬菜摄入量为 130 克/天。EB 持续时间每增加 1 个月，超加工食品提供的能量就会减少 0.7%（β：-0.7；95%CI：-1.3 至 0.1；p=0.038）。EB 持续时间少于 4 个月与儿童水果和蔬菜摄入量处于最低三分位数（调整后的 OR：1.8；95%CI：1.1-3.0；p=0.030）和超加工食品摄入量处于最高三分位数（调整后的 OR：1.7；95%CI：1.1-2.9；p=0.040）相关。
除了 EB 的其他益处外，我们还强调了它对形成健康饮食习惯的重要性，有助于儿童增加水果和蔬菜的摄入，减少超加工食品的摄入。
