Kawashima Issaku, Hinuma Tomoko, Nagata Masatoshi, Yoneyama Akio, Honjo Masaru, Kumano Hiroaki, Tanaka Saori C
Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan.
Healthcare Medical Group, Life Science Laboratories, KDDI Research, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2024 Feb 6;14:1339902. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1339902. eCollection 2023.
This study was undertaken to translate the Standardised Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS) into Japanese and to evaluate its validity and reliability. SAPAS is one of the most rapid tools for assessing personality disorder (PD) and has excellent sensitivity and good specificity, whereas other PD assessment tools require such a significant investment of time that they are infeasible for large surveys or routine clinical practice. Customary assessment in clinical practice ideally incorporates screening for PD, as it is associated with a substantial public health burden, including premature mortality and increased health service utilization. Furthermore, PD's status as a key prognostic variable of mental disorders also drives PD screening. While SAPAS has been translated into several languages, there has been no Japanese version. Therefore, we translated SAPAS into Japanese (SAPAS-J) and evaluated its reliability and validity. Study 1 recruited undergraduates to reveal its test-retest reliability. Although its internal consistency was not high, since the intent of the original SAPAS was to assess the broad character of personality disorder with the fewest possible items, minimal correlations between items were reasonable. We tested two factorial models, the single-factor model and the higher-order-single-factor model, and the latter offered better fitting. This higher-order model contained a three-factor structure corresponding to clusters described in DSM-5. It measures general PD traits as a common higher-order latent variable comprising those factors. Correlations of SAPAS-J with the much longer PD screening questionnaire in Study 1 and depressive and anxiety symptoms in Study 2 from the general population support its validity. Although validation for the clinical use of SAPAS-J is limited, our research with non-clinical populations demonstrated sufficient validity to justify its use in the context of psychopathological analog research. Since PD is understood as a continuum, the severity of which is distributed dimensionally, the analog study recruiting from the general population and attempting to reveal psychopathological mechanisms of PD is meaningful.
本研究旨在将人格标准化评估简表（SAPAS）翻译成日语，并评估其有效性和可靠性。SAPAS是评估人格障碍（PD）最快的工具之一，具有出色的敏感性和良好的特异性，而其他PD评估工具需要投入大量时间，以至于在大规模调查或常规临床实践中不可行。临床实践中的常规评估理想情况下应包括PD筛查，因为它与巨大的公共卫生负担相关，包括过早死亡和医疗服务利用率增加。此外，PD作为精神障碍的关键预后变量的地位也推动了PD筛查。虽然SAPAS已被翻译成多种语言，但尚无日语版本。因此，我们将SAPAS翻译成日语（SAPAS-J）并评估其可靠性和有效性。研究1招募了大学生以揭示其重测信度。尽管其内部一致性不高，但由于原始SAPAS的目的是用尽可能少的项目评估人格障碍的广泛特征，项目之间的最小相关性是合理的。我们测试了两个因子模型，单因子模型和高阶单因子模型，后者拟合效果更好。这个高阶模型包含一个与《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM-5）中描述的类别相对应的三因子结构。它将一般PD特征作为一个包含这些因子的共同高阶潜在变量来测量。研究1中SAPAS-J与长得多的PD筛查问卷以及研究2中来自普通人群的抑郁和焦虑症状的相关性支持了其有效性。虽然对SAPAS-J临床应用的验证有限，但我们在非临床人群中的研究证明了其足够的有效性，足以证明其在精神病理学模拟研究中的应用价值。由于PD被理解为一个连续体，其严重程度呈维度分布，从普通人群中招募并试图揭示PD心理病理机制的模拟研究是有意义的。
