García Gómez Montserrat, Gherasim Alín Manuel, Roldán Romero Juan María, Zimmermann Verdejo Marta, Monge Corella Susana, Sierra Moros María José, Montoya Martínez Luz María
Área de Salud Laboral. Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental y Salud Laboral. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad. Madrid. España.
TRAGSATEC. Área de Salud Laboral. Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental y Salud Laboral. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad. Madrid. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2022 Apr 4;96:e202204038.
The nursing homes represented high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 infection, both for residents and for the employees. The COVID-19 impact on long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is evaluated, measured through the employees sick leave (SL). The pandemic evolution in the general population aged between 16 and 65 years was analyzed together with the sick leave to assess the latter as a complementary indicator of the SARS-CoV-2 surveillance.
A descriptive study of all sick leave processes due to COVID-19 recorded between February 15 2020 and May 2021 in nursing homes was carried out. The close contact sick leave/infection sick leave ratios, the 100,000 affiliated/occupied sick leave rates were computed and compared with the COVID-19 cases cumulative incidence notified to the National Network of epidemiological Surveillance (RENAVE).
261.892 SL processes were recorded. The close contact sick leave/infection sick leave median ratio in nursing homes was 1.8 (Interquartile range, ICR: 1.1-3.3), with values lower than 1 at certain periods. The infection sick leaves were higher in number and ratio and prior to the cases recorded in RENAVE. The sick leave ratio ranged between 81.679/100.000 occupied in nursing homes with medical care and 4.895/100.000 in other residential facilities.
The results confirmed the dramatic impact of COVID-19 in nursing homes and the inequalities characterizing this impact. They also confirmed the potential use of sick leave as an alternative source for epidemiological and public health surveillance, especially now, when the transition of the COVID-19 surveillance to a system not including universal individual surveillance is being discussed.
疗养院对新型冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染而言，对居民和员工都是高风险场所。通过员工病假（SL）评估2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）对长期护理机构（LTCF）的影响。分析16至65岁普通人群中的疫情演变情况，并结合病假情况，将病假作为SARS-CoV-2监测的补充指标进行评估。
对2020年2月15日至2021年5月期间疗养院记录的所有因COVID-19导致的病假流程进行描述性研究。计算密切接触病假/感染病假比率、每10万参保/入住者病假率，并与通报给国家流行病学监测网络（RENAVE）的COVID-19病例累计发病率进行比较。
记录了261,892次病假流程。疗养院密切接触病假/感染病假中位数比率为1.8（四分位间距，ICR：1.1 - 3.3），在某些时期低于1。感染病假在数量和比率上更高，且早于RENAVE记录的病例。病假率在提供医疗服务的疗养院中为每10万入住者81,679例，在其他居住设施中为每10万入住者4,895例。
结果证实了COVID-19对疗养院的巨大影响以及这种影响所具有的不平等性。它们还证实了病假作为流行病学和公共卫生监测替代来源的潜在用途，特别是在当前正在讨论将COVID-19监测过渡到不包括普遍个体监测的系统之际。
