University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Geobiology. 2024 Jan-Feb;22(1):e12584. doi: 10.1111/gbi.12584.
Earth's surface has been irreversibly altered by the activity of organisms, a process that has accelerated as the power of the biosphere (the rate at which life extracts and deploys energy) has increased over time. This trend is incompatible with the expectation that the inputs to Earth's surface of life's materials from the crust and mantle be matched by export from Earth's surface to long-term reservoirs. Here, I suggest that the collective activity of organisms has always violated this balance. The biosphere's ability to extract, retain, recycle, and accumulate materials has allowed living biomass to increase and for exports to decrease over very long timescales. This collective metabolism implies a net transfer of materials from the planet's interior to its surface. The combination of metabolic innovations, competition, adaptive evolution, and the establishment of collaborative economic feedback in ecosystems created dynamic ecological stability despite great spatial and temporal heterogeneity in physical and biological inputs and export of nutrients into and out of the biosphere. Models of geochemical cycling must take the fundamental role of living organisms and the evolutionary changes in these roles into account to explain past and future conditions.
地球表面已经被生物活动不可逆地改变了，随着生物圈（生命提取和利用能量的速度）的力量随着时间的推移而增强，这一过程已经加速了。这种趋势与预期是不相容的，即地壳和地幔中生命物质的输入量与从地球表面向长期储层的输出量相匹配。在这里，我建议生物的集体活动一直违反了这种平衡。生物圈提取、保留、再循环和积累物质的能力使得活生物质增加，而出口在很长的时间尺度上减少。这种集体新陈代谢意味着物质从行星内部向表面的净转移。代谢创新、竞争、适应性进化以及生态系统中协作经济反馈的建立，尽管物理和生物输入以及营养物质进出生物圈的时空异质性很大，但仍创造了动态生态稳定性。地球化学循环模型必须考虑到生物体的基本作用以及这些作用的进化变化，以解释过去和未来的情况。
