The human T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene maps to chromosome 14.

The T-cell receptor for antigen has been identified as a disulphide-linked heterodimeric glycoprotein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 90,000 comprising an alpha- and a beta-chain. The availability of complementary DNA clones encoding mouse and human beta-chains has allowed a detailed characterization of the genomic organization of the beta-chain gene family and has revealed that functional beta-chain genes in T cells are generated from recombination events involving variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J) and constant (C) gene segments. Recently, cDNA clones encoding mouse and human alpha-chains have been described; the sequences of these clones have indicated that functional alpha-chain genes are also generated from multiple gene segments. It is possible that chromosomal translocations involving T-cell receptor alpha- and beta-chain genes have a role in T-cell neoplasms in much the same way as translocations involving immunoglobulin genes are associated with oncogenic transformation in B cells. In the latter case, the chromosomal localization of the immunoglobulin genes provided one of the first indications of the involvement of such translocations in oncogenic transformation. The chromosomal assignment of the alpha- and beta-chain genes may, therefore, provide equally important clues for T-cell neoplastic transformation. The chromosomal location of the mouse and human beta-chain gene family has been determined: the murine gene lies on chromosome 6 (refs 12, 13) whereas the human gene is located on chromosome 7 (refs 13, 14). Here we use a cDNA clone encoding the human alph-chain to map the corresponding gene to chromosome 14.