Héjja Melinda, Mihok Emőke, Alaya Amina, Jolji Maria, György Éva, Meszaros Noemi, Turcus Violeta, Oláh Neli Kinga, Máthé Endre
Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Institute of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Feb 13;13(2):181. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13020181.
Nowadays, unprecedented health challenges are urging novel solutions to address antimicrobial resistance as multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria, yeasts and moulds are emerging. Such microorganisms can cause food and feed spoilage, food poisoning and even more severe diseases, resulting in human death. In order to overcome this phenomenon, it is essential to identify novel antimicrobials that are naturally occurring, biologically effective and increasingly safe for human use. The development of gemmotherapy extracts (GTEs) using plant parts such as buds and young shoots has emerged as a novel approach to treat/prevent human conditions due to their associated antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and/or antimicrobial properties that all require careful evaluations. Seven GTEs obtained from plant species like the olive ( L.), almond ( L.), black mulberry ( L.), walnut ( L.), blackberry ( L.), blackcurrant ( L.) and bilberry ( L.) were tested for their antimicrobial efficiency via agar diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. The antimicrobial activity was assessed for eight bacterial (, , subsp. , , , , and ), five moulds (, , , , ) and one yeast strain (). The agar diffusion method revealed the blackberry GTE as the most effective since it inhibited the growth of three bacterial, four moulds and one yeast species, having considered the total number of affected microorganism species. Next to the blackberry, the olive GTE appeared to be the second most efficient, suppressing five bacterial strains but no moulds or yeasts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were then determined for each GTE and the microorganisms tested. Noticeably, the olive GTE appeared to feature the strongest bacteriostatic and bactericidal outcome, displaying specificity for , and . The other GTEs, such as blueberry, walnut, black mulberry and almond (the list indicates relative strength), were more effective at suppressing microbial growth than inducing microbial death. However, some species specificities were also evident, while the blackcurrant GTE had no significant antimicrobial activity. Having seen the antimicrobial properties of the analysed GTEs, especially the olive and black mulberry GTEs, these could be envisioned as potential antimicrobials that might enhance antibiotic therapies efficiency, while the blackberry GTE would act as an antifungal agent. Some of the GTE mixtures analysed have shown interesting antimicrobial synergies, and all the antimicrobial effects observed argue for extending these studies to include pathological microorganisms.
如今,前所未有的健康挑战促使人们寻找新的解决方案来应对抗菌药物耐药性问题,因为细菌、酵母和霉菌的多重耐药菌株正在不断出现。这些微生物会导致食品和饲料变质、食物中毒,甚至引发更严重的疾病,导致人类死亡。为了克服这一现象,识别天然存在、具有生物活性且对人类使用日益安全的新型抗菌剂至关重要。利用芽和嫩枝等植物部位开发宝石疗法提取物(GTEs)已成为一种治疗/预防人类疾病的新方法,因为它们具有相关的抗糖尿病、抗炎和/或抗菌特性,所有这些都需要仔细评估。通过琼脂扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法,对从橄榄(L.)、杏仁(L.)、黑桑(L.)、核桃(L.)、黑莓(L.)、黑醋栗(L.)和越橘(L.)等植物物种中获得的七种GTEs的抗菌效率进行了测试。对八种细菌(、、亚种、、、、和)、五种霉菌(、、、、)和一种酵母菌株()的抗菌活性进行了评估。琼脂扩散法显示黑莓GTE最有效,因为考虑到受影响微生物物种的总数,它抑制了三种细菌、四种霉菌和一种酵母的生长。仅次于黑莓,橄榄GTE似乎是第二有效的,它抑制了五种细菌菌株,但没有抑制霉菌或酵母。然后确定了每种GTE和受试微生物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。值得注意的是,橄榄GTE似乎具有最强的抑菌和杀菌效果,对、和具有特异性。其他GTEs,如蓝莓、核桃、黑桑和杏仁(该列表表示相对强度),在抑制微生物生长方面比诱导微生物死亡更有效。然而,一些物种特异性也很明显,而黑醋栗GTE没有显著的抗菌活性。鉴于所分析的GTEs的抗菌特性,特别是橄榄和黑桑GTEs,可以设想它们作为潜在的抗菌剂可能会提高抗生素治疗的效率,而黑莓GTE将作为一种抗真菌剂。一些分析的GTE混合物显示出有趣的抗菌协同作用,所有观察到的抗菌效果都表明应将这些研究扩展到包括致病性微生物。
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