Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
Subaquatic and Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 7;25(4):2030. doi: 10.3390/ijms25042030.
Oxygen is compulsory for mitochondrial function and energy supply, but it has numerous more nuanced roles. The different roles of oxygen in peripheral nerve regeneration range from energy supply, inflammation, phagocytosis, and oxidative cell destruction in the context of reperfusion injury to crucial redox signaling cascades that are necessary for effective axonal outgrowth. A fine balance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant activity draws the line between physiological and pathological nerve regeneration. There is compelling evidence that redox signaling mediated by the Nox family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases plays an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Further research is needed to better characterize the role of Nox in physiological and pathological circumstances, but the available data suggest that the modulation of Nox activity fosters great therapeutic potential. One of the promising approaches to enhance nerve regeneration by modulating the redox environment is hyperbaric oxygen therapy. In this review, we highlight the influence of various oxygenation states, i.e., hypoxia, physoxia, and hyperoxia, on peripheral nerve repair and regeneration. We summarize the currently available data and knowledge on the effectiveness of using hyperbaric oxygen therapy to treat nerve injuries and discuss future directions.
氧气是线粒体功能和能量供应所必需的，但它还有许多更为精细的作用。氧气在周围神经再生中的不同作用范围从再灌注损伤时的能量供应、炎症、吞噬作用和氧化细胞破坏，到对有效轴突生长至关重要的氧化还原信号级联。活性氧（ROS）产生和抗氧化活性之间的精细平衡决定了神经再生是生理的还是病理的。有强有力的证据表明，NADPH 氧化酶家族的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）氧化酶介导的氧化还原信号在周围神经再生中起着重要作用。需要进一步研究以更好地描述 Nox 在生理和病理情况下的作用，但现有数据表明，调节 Nox 活性具有很大的治疗潜力。通过调节氧化还原环境来增强神经再生的一种有前途的方法是高压氧治疗。在这篇综述中，我们强调了不同氧合状态（即缺氧、生理性缺氧和高氧）对周围神经修复和再生的影响。我们总结了目前关于高压氧治疗治疗神经损伤的有效性的数据和知识，并讨论了未来的方向。
