Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 16;25(4):2338. doi: 10.3390/ijms25042338.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, estimated to affect 1 in every 11 adults; among them, 90-95% of cases are type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is partly attributed to the surge in the prevalence of obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions since 2008. In these patients, cardiovascular (CV) risk stands as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems due to the potential for macrovascular and microvascular complications. In this context, leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays a fundamental role. This hormone is essential for regulating the cellular metabolism and energy balance, controlling inflammatory responses, and maintaining CV system homeostasis. Thus, leptin resistance not only contributes to weight gain but may also lead to increased cardiac inflammation, greater fibrosis, hypertension, and impairment of the cardiac metabolism. Understanding the relationship between leptin resistance and CV risk in obese individuals with type 2 DM (T2DM) could improve the management and prevention of this complication. Therefore, in this narrative review, we will discuss the evidence linking leptin with the presence, severity, and/or prognosis of obesity and T2DM regarding CV disease, aiming to shed light on the potential implications for better management and preventive strategies.
糖尿病（DM）是一种在全球范围内高度流行的疾病，据估计，每 11 个成年人中就有 1 人患有该病；其中，90-95%的病例为 2 型糖尿病。这在一定程度上归因于肥胖症的流行率飙升，自 2008 年以来，肥胖症已达到流行程度。在这些患者中，心血管（CV）风险是发病率和死亡率的主要原因，由于大血管和微血管并发症的潜在风险，给医疗保健系统带来了巨大负担。在这种情况下，瘦素作为一种脂肪细胞衍生的激素，起着至关重要的作用。这种激素对于调节细胞代谢和能量平衡、控制炎症反应以及维持心血管系统稳态至关重要。因此，瘦素抵抗不仅会导致体重增加，还可能导致心脏炎症增加、纤维化加剧、高血压和心脏代谢受损。了解肥胖合并 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中瘦素抵抗与 CV 风险之间的关系，可以改善对这种并发症的管理和预防。因此，在本叙述性综述中，我们将讨论与肥胖和 T2DM 相关的 CV 疾病中，瘦素与存在、严重程度和/或预后之间的关联的证据，旨在阐明其对更好的管理和预防策略的潜在影响。
