Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France.
Viruses. 2024 Feb 5;16(2):254. doi: 10.3390/v16020254.
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are a family of proteins which inhibit infections of various enveloped viruses. While their general mechanism of inhibition seems to be non-specific, involving the tightening of membrane structures to prevent fusion between the viral envelope and cell membrane, numerous studies have underscored the importance of viral envelope proteins in determining the susceptibility of viruses to IFITMs. Mutations in envelope proteins may lead to viral escape from direct interaction with IFITM proteins or result in indirect resistance by modifying the viral entry pathway, allowing the virus to modulate its exposure to IFITMs. In a broader context, the nature of viral envelope proteins and their interaction with IFITMs can play a crucial role in the context of adaptive immunity, leading to viral envelope proteins that are more susceptible to antibody neutralization. The precise mechanisms underlying these observations remain unclear, and further studies in this field could contribute to a better understanding of how IFITMs control viral infections.
干扰素诱导跨膜蛋白（IFITMs）是一类能够抑制多种包膜病毒感染的蛋白。尽管它们的抑制机制似乎是非特异性的，涉及到收紧膜结构以防止病毒包膜与细胞膜融合，但许多研究强调了包膜蛋白在决定病毒对 IFITMs 的易感性方面的重要性。包膜蛋白的突变可能导致病毒通过直接与 IFITM 蛋白相互作用而逃逸，或者通过改变病毒进入途径而导致间接抗性，从而使病毒能够调节其对 IFITM 的暴露。从更广泛的角度来看，包膜蛋白的性质及其与 IFITMs 的相互作用在适应性免疫中起着至关重要的作用，导致包膜蛋白更容易被抗体中和。这些观察结果背后的精确机制尚不清楚，该领域的进一步研究可能有助于更好地理解 IFITMs 如何控制病毒感染。
