Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine (DMVP), Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Belo Horizonte Municipal Parks and Zoobotany Foundation (FPMZB-BH), Belo Horizonte 31365-450, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Viruses. 2024 Feb 15;16(2):293. doi: 10.3390/v16020293.
Bluetongue Virus (BTV) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) are primarily transmitted by their biological vector, spp. Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). These viruses can infect a diverse range of vertebrate hosts, leading to disease outbreaks in domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. This study, conducted at the Belo Horizonte Municipal Parks and Zoobotany Foundation (FPMZB-BH), Minas Gerais, Brazil, focused on and its vectors. Collections of spp. were carried out at the FPMZB-BH from 9 December 2021 to 18 November 2022. A higher prevalence of these insects was observed during the summer months, especially in February. Factors such as elevated temperatures, high humidity, fecal accumulation, and proximity to large animals, like camels and elephants, were associated with increased capture. Among the identified spp. species, Lutz, 1913, constituted 75%, and Lutz, 1913, 6% of the collected midges, both described as competent vectors for transmission. Additionally, a previously unreported species in Minas Gerais, Lutz, 1913, was identified, also suspected of being a transmitter of these . The feeding preferences of some species were analyzed, revealing that feeds on deer, Red deer () and European fallow deer (). Different spp. were also identified feeding on humans, raising concerns about the potential transmission of arboviruses at the site. In parallel, 72 serum samples from 14 susceptible species, including various , collected between 2012 and 2022 from the FPMZB-BH serum bank, underwent Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) testing for BTV and EHDV. The results showed 75% seropositivity for BTV and 19% for EHDV. Post-testing analysis revealed variations in antibody presence against BTV in a tapir and a fallow deer and against EHDV in a gemsbok across different years. These studies confirm the presence of BTV and EHDV vectors, along with potential virus circulation in the zoo. Consequently, implementing control measures is essential to prevent susceptible species from becoming infected and developing clinical diseases.
蓝舌病病毒（BTV）和流行性出血热病毒（EHDV）主要通过其生物媒介， spp. Latreille, 1809（双翅目：蠓科）传播。这些病毒可以感染多种脊椎动物宿主，导致世界各地的家养和野生反刍动物暴发疾病。这项在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州贝洛奥里藏特市立公园和动物学基金会（FPMZB-BH）进行的研究专注于 spp. 和它们的媒介。从 2021 年 12 月 9 日至 2022 年 11 月 18 日，在 FPMZB-BH 进行了 spp. 的采集。这些昆虫的流行率在夏季较高，特别是在 2 月。温度升高、高湿度、粪便堆积以及靠近骆驼和大象等大型动物等因素与增加的捕获有关。在所鉴定的 spp. 物种中，75%为 Lutz, 1913，6%为 Lutz, 1913，两者均被描述为传播 BTV 的有效媒介。此外，还发现了米纳斯吉拉斯州以前未报告的一种物种 Lutz, 1913，也被怀疑是这些 的传播媒介。对一些 物种的取食偏好进行了分析，结果表明 取食鹿、马鹿（）和欧洲黇鹿（）。还发现了一些不同的 spp. 以人类为食，这引起了人们对该地点传播虫媒病毒的潜在担忧。与此同时，对来自 FPMZB-BH 血清库的 14 种易感物种的 72 份血清样本（包括各种 ）进行了琼脂凝胶免疫扩散（AGID）检测，以检测 BTV 和 EHDV。结果显示 BTV 的血清阳性率为 75%，EHDV 的血清阳性率为 19%。测试后分析显示，在不同年份，一只貘和一只黇鹿的 BTV 抗体存在情况以及一只大羚羊的 EHDV 抗体存在情况存在差异。这些研究证实了 BTV 和 EHDV 媒介的存在，以及病毒在动物园中的循环。因此，实施控制措施对于防止易感物种感染和发生临床疾病至关重要。
