Zhang Runzhu, Wang Zhenhong
Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, No.199, South Chang'an Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710062, China.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2024 Feb 24. doi: 10.1007/s10578-024-01685-3.
Helicopter parenting and tiger parenting may increase the risks of anxiety and depression in children. However, it is unclear how these parenting styles affect the developmental outcomes and trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and how children's internal inhibitory control (IC) moderates such effects. The present study aimed to examine this issue. A sample of 172 typically developing children (77 girls; M = 7.14, SD = 0.33) and their parents participated in the study. Parents reported children's anxiety and depressive symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist each year from the first measurement (T1) to the third measurement (T3) and reported their helicopter parenting and tiger parenting at T1. Children completed the Go/No-go task at T1 to measure their IC. Higher T1 helicopter parenting impeded the declines in anxiety and depression over time, and higher T1 tiger parenting predicted more anxiety and depressive symptoms at T3. However, such effects were only observed in children with low IC, and higher IC buffered the adverse impacts of both helicopter parenting and tiger parenting on children's anxiety and depressive symptoms. These findings revealed that helicopter parenting and tiger parenting had negative impacts on the developmental trajectories and outcomes of anxiety and depression in children and suggest that IC plays an important role in alleviating the risks of anxiety and depression among children in adverse environments.
直升机式育儿和虎式育儿可能会增加孩子焦虑和抑郁的风险。然而，尚不清楚这些育儿方式如何影响焦虑和抑郁症状的发展结果及轨迹，以及儿童的内部抑制控制（IC）如何调节这些影响。本研究旨在探讨这一问题。172名发育正常的儿童（77名女孩；平均年龄M = 7.14，标准差SD = 0.33）及其父母参与了该研究。从首次测量（T1）到第三次测量（T3），父母每年使用儿童行为检查表报告孩子的焦虑和抑郁症状，并在T1时报告他们的直升机式育儿和虎式育儿情况。儿童在T1时完成了Go/No-go任务以测量他们的IC。T1时较高的直升机式育儿阻碍了焦虑和抑郁随时间的下降，T1时较高的虎式育儿预示着T3时有更多的焦虑和抑郁症状。然而，这种影响仅在IC较低的儿童中观察到，较高的IC缓冲了直升机式育儿和虎式育儿对儿童焦虑和抑郁症状的不利影响。这些发现表明，直升机式育儿和虎式育儿对儿童焦虑和抑郁的发展轨迹及结果有负面影响，并表明IC在减轻不利环境中儿童焦虑和抑郁风险方面发挥着重要作用。
