Finch Kacey R, Chalmé Rebecca L, Kestner Kathryn M, Sarno Brianna G
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, 1124 Life Sciences Building, P.O. Box 6040, Morgantown, WV 26506-6040 USA.
Behav Anal Pract. 2023 Nov 30;17(1):137-156. doi: 10.1007/s40617-023-00885-y. eCollection 2024 Mar.
We conducted a scoping review of the behavior analytic self-control training (SCT) literature. To identify included articles, we searched key terms in six databases for articles published between 1988 and 2021. We included empirical articles that used a behavioral approach to self-control training with human participants for whom increasing self-control choice was a clinically significant goal and measured self-control and impulsive choice as dependent variables. Twenty-five experiments from 24 articles with a total of 79 participants were included in the review. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of SCT procedures and outcomes, provide recommendations for future research directions, and offer practical suggestions to clinicians incorporating SCT into practice. We examined similarities across studies regarding the independent variables manipulated in SCT, dependent variables measured, metrics of successful interventions, and assessment of generalization and maintenance of self-control choice. Twenty-one experiments arranged concurrent self-control- and impulsive-choice options with positive reinforcement, and four experiments arranged self-control training with negative-reinforcement contingencies. Variations of SCT included progressively increasing delays, intervening activities, signaled delays, antecedent rules, and commitment responses. Providing an intervening activity during the delay was largely successful at increasing self-control choice. Maintenance and generalization of increased self-control choice were assessed in two and three experiments, respectively. Future research should focus on improving the generality of SCT procedures in clinical settings by increasing terminal delays, fading out intervening activities, including probabilistic outcomes, and combining appetitive and aversive outcomes.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40617-023-00885-y.
我们对行为分析自我控制训练（SCT）的文献进行了范围综述。为了确定纳入的文章，我们在六个数据库中搜索了1988年至2021年发表的文章的关键词。我们纳入了实证文章，这些文章采用行为方法对人类参与者进行自我控制训练，其中增加自我控制选择是一个具有临床意义的目标，并将自我控制和冲动选择作为因变量进行测量。该综述纳入了来自24篇文章的25项实验，共有79名参与者。本综述旨在总结SCT程序和结果的特征，为未来的研究方向提供建议，并为将SCT纳入实践的临床医生提供实用建议。我们研究了各项研究在SCT中操纵的自变量、测量的因变量、成功干预的指标以及自我控制选择的泛化和维持评估方面的相似性。21项实验安排了同时存在的自我控制和冲动选择选项，并给予正强化，4项实验安排了具有负强化条件的自我控制训练。SCT的变体包括逐渐增加延迟、干预活动、信号延迟、先行规则和承诺反应。在延迟期间提供干预活动在很大程度上成功地增加了自我控制选择。分别在两项和三项实验中评估了自我控制选择增加后的维持和泛化情况。未来的研究应通过增加最终延迟、逐渐取消干预活动、纳入概率性结果以及结合正向和负向结果，来关注提高SCT程序在临床环境中的普遍性。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s40617-023-00885-y获取的补充材料。
