Animal Health & Care Section (AHCS), NIH/NINDS, Bethesda, Maryland.
Curr Protoc. 2024 Feb;4(2):e995. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.995.
Anesthesia and analgesia play pivotal roles in ethically and humanely using animal models in research, especially concerning mice and rats. These rodent species, extensively utilized in scientific investigations due to their genetic resemblance to humans, serve as invaluable tools for studying diseases and testing treatments. Proper anesthesia and analgesia not only prioritize animal welfare but also heighten experimental validity by minimizing stress-induced physiological responses. Recent years have seen remarkable advancements in anesthesia for mice and rats. The focus has shifted away from the 'one size fits all' toward tailoring anesthesia protocols, considering factors like age, strain, and the nature of the experimental procedure. The use of inhalation agents such as isoflurane and sevoflurane is often preferred due to their rapid induction and recovery characteristics, allowing precise control over anesthesia depth. However, refinements in injectable anesthetic agents also provide researchers the flexibility to select suitable agents based on study requirements. Additionally, progress in analgesic techniques has led to effective pain management strategies for these rodents. Common analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and local anesthetics are administered to alleviate pain and discomfort. However, standard practice also involves continuous monitoring of animals' behavior and physiological parameters, ensuring timely adjustments in analgesic regimens for optimal pain relief without compromising experimental outcomes. By integrating tailored anesthesia and analgesia protocols into the experimental design, researchers uphold high animal welfare standards while obtaining reliable scientific data. This contributes significantly to advancing medical knowledge and therapeutic interventions with reproducible results. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Injectable anesthesia for mouse and rat Basic Protocol 2: Inhalant anesthesia using isoflurane for mouse and rat Basic Protocol 3: Analgesia for mice and rats.
麻醉和镇痛在使用动物模型进行研究中起着至关重要的作用，特别是对于小鼠和大鼠。这些啮齿动物由于与人类具有遗传相似性，被广泛用于科学研究，是研究疾病和测试治疗方法的宝贵工具。适当的麻醉和镇痛不仅优先考虑动物福利，还通过最小化应激引起的生理反应来提高实验的有效性。近年来，小鼠和大鼠的麻醉技术取得了显著进展。人们不再关注“一刀切”的方法，而是根据年龄、品系和实验程序的性质，制定更具针对性的麻醉方案。由于其快速诱导和恢复特性，人们通常更喜欢使用吸入麻醉剂，如异氟烷和七氟醚，以便能够精确控制麻醉深度。然而，注射麻醉剂的改进也为研究人员提供了根据研究需求选择合适的麻醉剂的灵活性。此外，镇痛技术的进步也为这些啮齿动物提供了有效的疼痛管理策略。常用的镇痛药，如非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）、阿片类药物和局部麻醉剂，用于缓解疼痛和不适。然而，标准做法还包括持续监测动物的行为和生理参数，确保及时调整镇痛方案，以在不影响实验结果的情况下实现最佳的疼痛缓解。通过将定制的麻醉和镇痛方案整合到实验设计中，研究人员在获得可靠的科学数据的同时，也能维持高标准的动物福利。这对推进具有可重复结果的医学知识和治疗干预措施具有重要意义。发表于 2024 年。本文是美国政府的工作，在美国属于公有领域。由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 出版的《当代协议》 Basic Protocol 1：小鼠和大鼠的注射麻醉 Basic Protocol 2：使用异氟烷的吸入麻醉用于小鼠和大鼠 Basic Protocol 3：小鼠和大鼠的镇痛
