Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
J Control Release. 2024 Apr;368:372-396. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.033. Epub 2024 Mar 6.
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy using immune cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a highly specific anti-tumor immunotherapy that has shown promise in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, there has been a slow progress toward the treatment of solid tumors owing to the complex tumor microenvironment that affects the localization and killing ability of the CAR cells. Solid tumors with a strong immunosuppressive microenvironment and complex vascular system are unaffected by CAR cell infiltration and attack. To improve their efficacy toward solid tumors, CAR cells have been modified and upgraded by "decorating" and "pruning". This review focuses on the structure and function of CARs, the immune cells that can be engineered by CARs and the transformation strategies to overcome solid tumors, with a view to broadening ideas for the better application of CAR cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）表达免疫细胞的过继细胞免疫疗法是一种高度特异的抗肿瘤免疫疗法，在治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤方面显示出良好的效果。然而，由于影响 CAR 细胞定位和杀伤能力的复杂肿瘤微环境，其在实体瘤治疗方面的进展较为缓慢。具有强烈免疫抑制微环境和复杂血管系统的实体瘤不受 CAR 细胞浸润和攻击的影响。为了提高 CAR 细胞对实体瘤的疗效，CAR 细胞已通过“修饰”和“修剪”进行了改造和升级。本综述重点介绍了 CAR 的结构和功能、可通过 CAR 工程化的免疫细胞以及克服实体瘤的转化策略，以期为更好地应用 CAR 细胞疗法治疗实体瘤拓宽思路。
