Mattavelli Elisa, Piperni Elisa, Asnicar Francesco, Redaelli Laura, Grigore Liliana, Pellegatta Fabio, Nabinejad Amir, Tamburini Sabrina, Segata Nicola, Catapano Alberico Luigi, Baragetti Andrea
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2024 Feb 26;16(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s13098-024-01287-y.
Unhealthy dietary habits and highly caloric foods induce metabolic alterations and promote the development of the inflammatory consequences of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Describing an inflammatory effect of diet is difficult to pursue, owing lacks of standardized quali-quantitative dietary assessments. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) has been proposed as an estimator of the pro- or anti-inflammatory effect of nutrients and higher DII values, which indicate an increased intake of nutrients with pro-inflammatory effects, relate to an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and we here assessed whether they reflect biologically relevant plasmatic variations of inflammatory proteins.
In this cross-sectional study, seven days dietary records from 663 subjects in primary prevention for cardiovascular diseases were analyzed to derive the intake of nutrients, foods and to calculate DII. To associate DII with the Normalized Protein eXpression (NPX), an index of abundance, of a targeted panel of 368 inflammatory biomarkers (Olink™) measured in the plasma, we divided the population by the median value of DII (1.60 (0.83-2.30)).
332 subjects with estimated DII over the median value reported a higher intake of saturated fats but lower intakes of poly-unsaturated fats, including omega-3 and omega-6 fats, versus subjects with estimated dietary DII below the median value (N = 331). The NPX of 61 proteins was increased in the plasma of subjects with DII > median vs. subjects with DII < median. By contrast, in the latter group, we underscored only 3 proteins with increased NPX. Only 23, out of these 64 proteins, accurately identified subjects with DII > median (Area Under the Curve = 0.601 (0.519-0.668), p = 0.035).
This large-scale proteomic study supports that higher DII reflects changes in the plasmatic abundance of inflammatory proteins. Larger studies are warranted to validate.
不健康的饮食习惯和高热量食物会引发代谢改变，并促进肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病及心血管疾病等炎症后果的发展。由于缺乏标准化的质量-数量饮食评估方法，描述饮食的炎症效应颇具难度。饮食炎症指数（DII）已被提议作为营养素促炎或抗炎作用的评估指标，较高的DII值表明促炎营养素摄入量增加，这与代谢和心血管疾病风险增加相关，我们在此评估了DII值是否反映炎症蛋白在生物学上相关的血浆变化。
在这项横断面研究中，分析了663名心血管疾病一级预防对象的7天饮食记录，以得出营养素、食物的摄入量并计算DII。为将DII与血浆中检测的368种炎症生物标志物（Olink™）靶向组的标准化蛋白质表达（NPX，一种丰度指数）相关联，我们根据DII的中位数（1.60（0.83 - 2.30））将人群进行划分。
估计DII超过中位数的332名受试者与估计饮食DII低于中位数的受试者（N = 331）相比，饱和脂肪摄入量较高，但多不饱和脂肪（包括ω-3和ω-6脂肪）摄入量较低。DII＞中位数的受试者血浆中61种蛋白质的NPX高于DII＜中位数的受试者。相比之下，在后者组中，我们仅强调了3种NPX增加的蛋白质。在这64种蛋白质中，只有23种能准确识别出DII＞中位数的受试者（曲线下面积 = 0.601（0.519 - 0.668），p = 0.035）。
这项大规模蛋白质组学研究支持较高的DII反映炎症蛋白血浆丰度的变化。需要开展更大规模的研究进行验证。
