Kolb E
Z Gesamte Inn Med. 1985 Oct 1;40(19):561-7.
In the development of a tumour a multistep process is existing, in which after activation of a cellular oncogen and after efficacy of a viral oncogenat first an avalanche-like increase of transforming, excluding the regulation of cell division proteins takes place. In many forms of tumours the transforming proteins possess the property of protein kinases and phosphorylize proteins situated in the area of the cell membrane. In some forms of tumours an enrichment in the area of the cell nucleus takes place. Secondarily, in the tumour cells frequently other oncogens are activated and an activation of further genes for the formation of growth factors or of proteins of the histocompatibility complex, respectively, occurs. Some transforming proteins themselves possess the properties of growth factors and of receptors, respectively, for the binding of such ones. Cocarcinogens activate the protein kinase C, e.g. the phorbol esters. Anticarcinogens influence the transcription, e.g. the vitamin A and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Vitamin A and analogous compounds increases the functional capacity of the immune defense.
在肿瘤发展过程中存在一个多步骤过程，其中在细胞癌基因激活后以及病毒癌基因发挥作用后，首先会发生转化的雪崩式增加，这排除了对细胞分裂蛋白的调节。在许多形式的肿瘤中，转化蛋白具有蛋白激酶的特性，并使位于细胞膜区域的蛋白磷酸化。在某些形式的肿瘤中，细胞核区域会出现富集现象。其次，肿瘤细胞中其他癌基因经常被激活，分别发生进一步的基因激活以形成生长因子或组织相容性复合体的蛋白。一些转化蛋白本身分别具有生长因子和此类因子结合受体的特性。促癌剂激活蛋白激酶C，例如佛波酯。抗癌剂影响转录，例如维生素A和1,25 - 二羟基维生素D3。维生素A和类似化合物可提高免疫防御的功能能力。
