Department of Emergency Medicine, Taksim Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
Curr Pharm Des. 2024;30(8):578-588. doi: 10.2174/0113816128284720240212111926.
toxin-A (BoNT-A) creates temporary paralysis in the muscles by acting on the muscle-nerve junction. It is injected into the mimic muscles when a decrease in the movements of the mimic muscles is desired. Despite many favorable applications, the use of BoNT-A is not without drawbacks. Although there is no expected serious side effect on health in BoNT-A treatments, various problems can be encountered in patients treated for aesthetic purposes. Botulism is a rare but potentially life-threatening syndrome, which is caused by the toxin produced by the bacterium , which acts on the nervous system, vegetative forms of can only survive in anaerobic conditions, while spore forms are common in nature and can withstand harsh conditions. Botulism can stem from bacterial spores which release toxin in the body; in the form of enteric botulism, and wound botulism. The cases that develop 'iatrogenic botulism' after such procedures are usually those receiving high-dose toxin for therapeutic purposes. The treatment of botulism mainly consists of anti-toxin therapy and, if necessary, intensive care to prevent organ failures, including respiratory support. This article aims to cover all these issues related to botulism and other adverse outcomes related to BoNT-A injection in light of the most recent literature.
毒素-A（BoNT-A）通过作用于肌肉神经接头使肌肉暂时瘫痪。当需要减少表情肌的运动时，将其注射到表情肌中。尽管 BoNT-A 有许多有利的应用，但它的使用并非没有缺点。尽管 BoNT-A 治疗不会对健康产生预期的严重副作用，但为美容目的接受治疗的患者可能会遇到各种问题。肉毒中毒是一种罕见但潜在危及生命的综合征，由细菌产生的毒素引起，作用于神经系统，只能在无氧条件下存活，而孢子形式在自然界中很常见，可以承受恶劣的条件。肉毒中毒可能源于细菌孢子在体内释放毒素；以肠型肉毒中毒和创伤型肉毒中毒的形式出现。在这些手术后出现“医源性肉毒中毒”的病例通常是那些因治疗目的而接受高剂量毒素的病例。肉毒中毒的治疗主要包括抗毒素治疗，如果需要，还需要进行重症监护以预防包括呼吸支持在内的器官衰竭。本文旨在根据最新文献涵盖与肉毒中毒相关的所有问题以及与 BoNT-A 注射相关的其他不良后果。
