Ruff Christopher B, Wallace Ian J, Toya Christopher, Muñoz Mario Antonio Peña, Meyer Jana Valesca, Busby Taylor, Reynolds Adam Z, Martinez Jordan, Miller-Moore Marcus, Rios Roberto
Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Am J Biol Anthropol. 2024 Jul;184(3):e24922. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.24922. Epub 2024 Feb 26.
Comparisons between Indigenous peoples over time and within a particular geographic region can shed light on the impact of environmental transitions on the skeleton, including relative bone strength, sexual dimorphism, and age-related changes. Here we compare long bone structural properties of the inhabitants of the late prehistoric-early historic Pecos Pueblo with those of present-day Indigenous individuals from New Mexico.
Femora and tibiae of 126 adults from Pecos Pueblo and 226 present-day adults were included in the study. Cross-sectional diaphyseal properties-areas and second moments of area-were obtained from past studies of the Pecos Pueblo skeletal sample, and from computed tomography scans of recently deceased individuals in the present-day sample.
Femora and tibiae from Pecos individuals are stronger relative to body size than those of present-day Indigenous individuals. Present-day individuals are taller but not wider, and this body shape difference affects cross-sectional shape, more strongly proximally. The tibia shows anteroposterior strengthening among Pecos individuals, especially among males. Sexual dimorphism in midshaft bone shape is stronger within the Pecos Pueblo sample. With aging, Pecos individuals show more medullary expansion but also more subperiosteal expansion than present-day individuals, maintaining bone strength despite cortical thinning.
Higher activity levels, carried out over rough terrain and throughout adult life, likely explain the relatively stronger lower limb bones of the Pecos individuals, as well as their greater subperiosteal expansion with aging. Greater sexual dimorphism in bone structure among Pecos individuals potentially reflects greater gender-based differences in behavioral patterns.
对不同时期以及特定地理区域内的原住民进行比较，有助于了解环境变迁对骨骼的影响，包括相对骨强度、性别二态性和与年龄相关的变化。在此，我们将史前晚期至历史早期佩科斯普韦布洛居民的长骨结构特性与新墨西哥州现代原住民的长骨结构特性进行比较。
本研究纳入了126名来自佩科斯普韦布洛的成年人以及226名现代成年人的股骨和胫骨。横断面骨干特性（面积和截面二次矩）取自过去对佩科斯普韦布洛骨骼样本的研究，以及现代样本中近期死亡个体的计算机断层扫描。
相对于体型而言，佩科斯人的股骨和胫骨比现代原住民的更强壮。现代个体更高但并不更宽，这种体型差异影响横断面形状，在近端更为明显。佩科斯人的胫骨显示出前后方向的强化，尤其是男性。佩科斯普韦布洛样本中骨干中部形状的性别二态性更强。随着年龄增长，佩科斯人比现代个体表现出更多的髓腔扩张，但也有更多的骨膜下扩张，尽管皮质变薄但仍保持骨强度。
在崎岖地形上并贯穿成年期的较高活动水平，可能解释了佩科斯人下肢骨骼相对更强壮的原因，以及他们随着年龄增长更大的骨膜下扩张。佩科斯人骨骼结构中更大的性别二态性可能反映了行为模式中基于性别的更大差异。
