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基于无线 EEG 和 3D 步态分析的双重任务下执行功能评估：一项可行性研究。

Executive Functions Assessment Based on Wireless EEG and 3D Gait Analysis During Dual-Task: A Feasibility Study.

机构信息

Department of Electrical Engineering and Information TechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico II 80138 Naples Italy.

Department of Medicine, Surgery, and DentistryScuola Medica SalernitanaUniversity of Salerno 84084 Salerno Italy.

出版信息

IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med. 2024 Jan 22;12:268-278. doi: 10.1109/JTEHM.2024.3357287. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.1109/JTEHM.2024.3357287
PMID:38410182
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10896422/
Abstract

Executive functions (EFs) are neurocognitive processes planning and regulating daily life actions. Performance of two simultaneous tasks, requiring the same cognitive resources, lead to a cognitive fatigue. Several studies investigated cognitive-motor task and the interference during walking, highlighting an increasing risk of falls especially in elderly and people with neurological diseases. A few studies instrumentally explored relationship between activation-no-activation of two EFs (working memory and inhibition) and spatial-temporal gait parameters. Aim of our study was to detect activation of inhibition and working memory during progressive difficulty levels of cognitive tasks and spontaneous walking using, respectively, wireless electroencephalography (EEG) and 3D-gait analysis. Thirteen healthy subjects were recruited. Two cognitive tasks were performed, activating inhibition (Go-NoGo) and working memory (N-back). EEG features (absolute and relative power in different bands) and kinematic parameters (7 spatial-temporal ones and Gait Variable Score for 9 range of motion of lower limbs) were analyzed. A significant decrease of stride length and an increase of external-rotation of foot progression were found during dual task with Go-NoGo. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the relative power in the delta band at channels Fz, C4 and progressive difficulty levels of Go-NoGo (activating inhibition) during walking, whereas working memory showed no correlation. This study reinforces the hypothesis of the prevalent involvement of inhibition with respect to working memory during dual task walking and reveals specific kinematic adaptations. The foundations for EEG-based monitoring of cognitive processes involved in gait are laid. Clinical and Translational Impact Statement: Clinical and instrumental evaluation and training of executive functions (as inhibition), during cognitive-motor task, could be useful for rehabilitation treatment of gait disorder in elderly and people with neurological disease.

摘要

执行功能（EFs）是规划和调节日常生活行为的神经认知过程。同时执行两个需要相同认知资源的任务会导致认知疲劳。多项研究调查了认知运动任务和行走过程中的干扰，突出了老年人和患有神经疾病的人跌倒的风险增加。一些研究仪器探索了两种执行功能（工作记忆和抑制）的激活-不激活与空间时间步态参数之间的关系。我们的研究目的是使用无线脑电图（EEG）和 3D 步态分析，分别在认知任务的逐渐困难水平和自发行走期间检测抑制和工作记忆的激活。招募了 13 名健康受试者。进行了两项认知任务，分别激活抑制（Go-NoGo）和工作记忆（N-back）。分析了 EEG 特征（不同频段的绝对和相对功率）和运动学参数（7 个时空参数和下肢 9 个运动范围的步态变量得分）。在执行 Go-NoGo 的双重任务时，发现步长明显缩短，足部外旋增加。此外，在行走过程中，Go-NoGo（抑制激活）的难度逐渐增加时，通道 Fz、C4 处的 delta 波段的相对功率与通道 Fz、C4 处的 delta 波段的相对功率之间存在显著相关性，而工作记忆则没有相关性。这项研究加强了双重任务行走时抑制相对于工作记忆的普遍参与的假设，并揭示了特定的运动学适应性。为基于脑电图的步态相关认知过程监测奠定了基础。临床和转化影响声明：在认知运动任务期间对执行功能（如抑制）进行临床和仪器评估和训练，可能对老年患者和神经疾病患者的步态障碍康复治疗有用。

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A Systematic Review on Feature Extraction in Electroencephalography-Based Diagnostics and Therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.基于脑电图的注意缺陷多动障碍诊断和治疗中的特征提取的系统评价。
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