National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.
BGI Research, Shenzhen.
J Infect Dis. 2024 Sep 23;230(3):e524-e535. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae042.
Coinfection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the most significant risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). The immune responses of the lung are essential to restrict the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and avoid the emergence of the disease. Nevertheless, there is still limited knowledge about the local immune response in people with HIV-1-TB coinfection.
We employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 9 individuals with HIV-1-TB coinfection and 10 with pulmonary TB.
A total of 19 058 cells were grouped into 4 major cell types: myeloid cells, T/natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and epithelial cells. The myeloid cells and T/NK cells were further divided into 10 and 11 subsets, respectively. The proportions of dendritic cell subsets, CD4+ T cells, and NK cells were lower in the HIV-1-TB coinfection group compared to the TB group, while the frequency of CD8+ T cells was higher. Additionally, we identified numerous differentially expressed genes between the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets between the 2 groups.
HIV-1 infection not only affects the abundance of immune cells in the lungs but also alters their functions in patients with pulmonary TB.
人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型（HIV-1）的合并感染是结核病（TB）的最重要危险因素。肺部的免疫反应对于限制结核分枝杆菌的生长和避免疾病的发生至关重要。然而，对于 HIV-1-TB 合并感染患者的局部免疫反应，我们的了解仍然有限。
我们对 9 名 HIV-1-TB 合并感染患者和 10 名肺结核患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液进行了单细胞 RNA 测序（scRNA-seq）。
共对 19058 个细胞进行分组，分为 4 种主要细胞类型：髓样细胞、T/自然杀伤（NK）细胞、B 细胞和上皮细胞。髓样细胞和 T/NK 细胞进一步分为 10 个和 11 个亚群。与 TB 组相比，HIV-1-TB 合并感染组树突状细胞亚群、CD4+T 细胞和 NK 细胞的比例较低，而 CD8+T 细胞的频率较高。此外，我们还发现了两组之间 CD4+和 CD8+T 细胞亚群之间大量差异表达的基因。
HIV-1 感染不仅会影响肺部免疫细胞的丰度，还会改变其在肺结核患者中的功能。
