Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2024 May;239:106494. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106494. Epub 2024 Feb 25.
In terms of vitamin D food fortification, there are a number of important considerations in relation to selection of the food vehicle and fortificant. While there has been much research focus on the ability of fortified foods to improve vitamin D status, other considerations, such as sensory properties and acceptability, cost, and public attitudes around vitamin D-fortified foods, have received less attention. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to summarize the existing knowledge around these important considerations. In summary, its findings suggest that: i) vitamin D addition to various food vehicles, at levels consistent with the supply of part or all the recommended intake, does not alter their sensory characteristics or overall acceptability; ii) overall, vitamin D fortification of foods is relatively cost-effective, despite the fact that some attitudinal studies highlighted participant concerns about the potential cost/expense of vitamin D-fortified foods; iii) evidence from various attitudinal studies suggest a high level of acceptance and/or purchase intention (i.e., extent to which customers are willing and inclined to buy) of vitamin D-fortified food products by the general public; and iv) there have been repeated calls for vitamin D public health educational/information campaigns to help educate consumers about the health risks associated with vitamin D deficiency and nutritional benefits associated with consumption of vitamin D-fortified foods. Such campaigns could positively mediate attitudes and acceptance of vitamin D-fortified foods amongst the public, and could also help address misconceptions and allay fears around vitamin D for concerned individuals. Lastly, the findings of the present review also highlight the existence of between-country differences, even within Europe, in relation to attitudes and purchase intention of vitamin D-fortified foods and the perceived appropriateness of certain food vehicles for vitamin D fortification, as well as the best mix of communication channels for a vitamin D public health educational/information campaign.
在维生素 D 食物强化方面，在选择食物载体和强化剂方面有一些重要的考虑因素。虽然有很多研究关注强化食品提高维生素 D 状态的能力，但其他考虑因素，如感官特性和可接受性、成本以及公众对维生素 D 强化食品的态度，受到的关注较少。因此，本综述旨在总结围绕这些重要考虑因素的现有知识。总之，它的研究结果表明：i）维生素 D 添加到各种食物载体中，其水平与提供部分或全部推荐摄入量一致，不会改变它们的感官特性或整体可接受性；ii）尽管一些态度研究强调了参与者对维生素 D 强化食品潜在成本/费用的担忧，但总体而言，食品强化维生素 D 相对具有成本效益；iii）各种态度研究的证据表明，公众对维生素 D 强化食品具有很高的接受度和/或购买意愿（即客户愿意购买的程度和倾向）；iv）人们一再呼吁开展维生素 D 公共卫生教育/信息宣传活动，帮助消费者了解维生素 D 缺乏相关的健康风险以及食用维生素 D 强化食品的营养益处。此类宣传活动可以积极调节公众对维生素 D 强化食品的态度和接受程度，还可以帮助解决有关个人对维生素 D 的误解和恐惧。最后，本综述的研究结果还强调了即使在欧洲内部，各国之间在维生素 D 强化食品的态度和购买意愿以及某些食物载体强化维生素 D 的适当性方面也存在差异，以及维生素 D 公共卫生教育/信息宣传活动的最佳沟通渠道组合。
