Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 27;14(1):4803. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55532-5.
To investigate the endothelialization of covered and bare stents deployed in the canine carotid arteries and subclavian arteries for treating experimental aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas, twenty aneurysms were created in 10 dogs, and 20 fistulas in another 10 dogs. The Willis balloon-expandable covered stent and a self-expandable covered stent were used to treat these lesions, and a self-expandable bare stent was deployed in the subclavian artery for comparison. Followed up for up to 12 months, the gross observation, pathological staining, and scanning electronic microscopic data were analyzed. Two weeks after creation of animal model, thirty self-expandable covered stents and ten balloon-expandable covered stents were deployed. Fifteen bare stents were deployed within the left subclavian arteries. Twenty days after stenting, the aneurysm significantly shrank. At 6 months, the thrombi within the aneurysm cavity were organized. Three to 12 months later, most covered and bare stents were covered by a thin transparent or white layer of endothelial intima. Layers of intima or pseudomembrane were formed on the stent 20-40 days after stent deployment. Over three months, the pseudomembrane became organized, thinner, and merged into the vascular wall. Under scanning electronic microscopy, the surface of covered and bare stents had only deposition of collagen fibers and rare endothelial cells 20-40 days after stenting. From three to ten months, the endothelial cells on the internal surface of stent became mature, with spindle, stripe-like or quasi round morphology along the blood flow direction. Over time, the endothelial cells became mature. In conclusion, three months after deployment in canines' arteries, the self-expandable bare and covered stents have mostly been covered by endothelial cells which become maturer over time, whereas the balloon-expandable covered stents do not have complete coverage of endothelial cells at three months, especially for protruding stent struts and areas. Over time, the endothelialization will become mature.
为了研究可覆盖和无覆盖支架在犬颈动脉和锁骨下动脉中的内皮化情况，以治疗实验性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘，在 10 只犬中创建了 20 个动脉瘤，在另外 10 只犬中创建了 20 个瘘管。使用 Willis 球囊扩张式可覆盖支架和自扩张式可覆盖支架治疗这些病变，并在锁骨下动脉中部署自扩张式无覆盖支架进行比较。随访时间长达 12 个月，分析大体观察、病理染色和扫描电子显微镜数据。在动物模型创建后 2 周，植入 30 个自扩张式可覆盖支架和 10 个球囊扩张式可覆盖支架。在左侧锁骨下动脉中植入 15 个无覆盖支架。支架置入后 20 天，动脉瘤明显缩小。6 个月时，动脉瘤腔内血栓被组织化。3 至 12 个月后，大多数可覆盖和无覆盖支架被一层薄的透明或白色内皮内膜覆盖。支架置入后 20-40 天，形成了内膜或假膜层。3 个月后，假膜被组织化，变薄，并与血管壁融合。扫描电子显微镜下，支架置入后 20-40 天，可覆盖和无覆盖支架表面仅沉积胶原纤维和少数内皮细胞。3 至 10 个月后，支架内表面的内皮细胞变得成熟，沿血流方向呈梭形、条纹状或类圆形。随着时间的推移，内皮细胞变得成熟。总之，在犬动脉中植入 3 个月后，自扩张式无覆盖和可覆盖支架已被内皮细胞大部分覆盖，随着时间的推移，内皮细胞变得更加成熟，而球囊扩张式可覆盖支架在 3 个月时并没有完全被内皮细胞覆盖，尤其是对于突出的支架支柱和区域。随着时间的推移，内皮化将变得成熟。
