Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Transl Neurodegener. 2024 Feb 27;13(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40035-024-00404-1.
The aetiologies and origins of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD), are complex and multifaceted. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays crucial roles in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Clinicians have come to realize that therapeutics targeting the gut microbiome have the potential to halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This narrative review examines the alterations in the gut microbiome in AD, PD, ALS and HD, highlighting the close relationship between the gut microbiome and the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Processes that mediate the gut microbiome-brain communication in neurodegenerative diseases, including the immunological, vagus nerve and circulatory pathways, are evaluated. Furthermore, we summarize potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases that modify the gut microbiome and its metabolites, including diets, probiotics and prebiotics, microbial metabolites, antibacterials and faecal microbiome transplantation. Finally, current challenges and future directions are discussed.
神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和亨廷顿病）的病因和起源复杂且多方面。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物组在神经退行性疾病的发展和进展中起着至关重要的作用。临床医生已经意识到，针对肠道微生物组的治疗方法有可能阻止神经退行性疾病的进展。本综述探讨了 AD、PD、ALS 和 HD 中肠道微生物组的改变，强调了肠道微生物组与神经退行性疾病中大脑之间的密切关系。评估了介导神经退行性疾病中肠道微生物组-大脑通讯的过程，包括免疫、迷走神经和循环途径。此外，我们总结了潜在的治疗神经退行性疾病的方法，这些方法可以改变肠道微生物组及其代谢物，包括饮食、益生菌和益生元、微生物代谢物、抗菌药物和粪便微生物组移植。最后，讨论了当前的挑战和未来的方向。
