Subramaniam Shankar, Akay Metin, Anastasio Mark A, Bailey Vasudev, Boas David, Bonato Paolo, Chilkoti Ashutosh, Cochran Jennifer R, Colvin Vicki, Desai Tejal A, Duncan James S, Epstein Frederick H, Fraley Stephanie, Giachelli Cecilia, Grande-Allen K Jane, Green Jordan, Guo X Edward, Hilton Isaac B, Humphrey Jay D, Johnson Chris R, Karniadakis George, King Michael R, Kirsch Robert F, Kumar Sanjay, Laurencin Cato T, Li Song, Lieber Richard L, Lovell Nigel, Mali Prashant, Margulies Susan S, Meaney David F, Ogle Brenda, Palsson Bernhard, A Peppas Nicholas, Perreault Eric J, Rabbitt Rick, Setton Lori A, Shea Lonnie D, Shroff Sanjeev G, Shung Kirk, Tolias Andreas S, van der Meulen Marjolein C H, Varghese Shyni, Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana, White John A, Winslow Raimond, Zhang Jianyi, Zhang Kun, Zukoski Charles, Miller Michael I
Joan and Irwin Jacobs Endowed Chair in Bioengineering and Systems Biology, Distinguished Professor of Bioengineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0412 USA.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical SchoolSpaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Charlestown MA 02129 USA.
IEEE Open J Eng Med Biol. 2024 Feb 21;5:1-13. doi: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3351717. eCollection 2024.
Over the past two decades Biomedical Engineering has emerged as a major discipline that bridges societal needs of human health care with the development of novel technologies. Every medical institution is now equipped at varying degrees of sophistication with the ability to monitor human health in both non-invasive and invasive modes. The multiple scales at which human physiology can be interrogated provide a profound perspective on health and disease. We are at the nexus of creating "avatars" (herein defined as an extension of "digital twins") of human patho/physiology to serve as paradigms for interrogation and potential intervention. Motivated by the emergence of these new capabilities, the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, the Departments of Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University and Bioengineering at University of California at San Diego sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop to define the grand challenges that face biomedical engineering and the mechanisms to address these challenges. The Workshop identified five grand challenges with cross-cutting themes and provided a roadmap for new technologies, identified new training needs, and defined the types of interdisciplinary teams needed for addressing these challenges. The themes presented in this paper include: 1) accumedicine through creation of avatars of cells, tissues, organs and whole human; 2) development of smart and responsive devices for human function augmentation; 3) exocortical technologies to understand brain function and treat neuropathologies; 4) the development of approaches to harness the human immune system for health and wellness; and 5) new strategies to engineer genomes and cells.
在过去二十年中，生物医学工程已发展成为一门主要学科，它将人类医疗保健的社会需求与新技术的开发联系起来。如今，每个医疗机构都不同程度地配备了以非侵入性和侵入性方式监测人类健康的能力。可以对人类生理学进行研究的多个尺度为健康和疾病提供了深刻的视角。我们正处于创建人类病理/生理学“化身”（在此定义为“数字孪生”的扩展）的关键节点，以作为研究和潜在干预的范例。受这些新能力出现的推动，电气和电子工程师协会医学与生物学工程学会、约翰霍普金斯大学的生物医学工程系以及加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的生物工程系主办了一次跨学科研讨会，以确定生物医学工程面临的重大挑战以及应对这些挑战的机制。该研讨会确定了五个具有交叉主题的重大挑战，并为新技术提供了路线图，确定了新的培训需求，并定义了应对这些挑战所需的跨学科团队类型。本文提出的主题包括：1）通过创建细胞、组织、器官和整个人类的化身实现累积医学；2）开发用于增强人类功能的智能和响应式设备；3）用于理解脑功能和治疗神经病理学的脑皮层外技术；4）开发利用人类免疫系统促进健康的方法；5）设计基因组和细胞的新策略。
