Blouin Claudia, Lemière Catherine
CIUSSS du Nord de l'île de Montréal.
Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2024 May 1;30(3):281-286. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001062. Epub 2024 Feb 28.
Occupational asthma (OA) is a complex condition that can be difficult to diagnose. The purpose of this review is to describe some recent findings regarding the epidemiology of OA, the occupational sensitizing agents, the prognosis of OA, and its primary prevention.
The risk of developing OA varies according to the geographic localization of the worker, the type of industry and the type of sensitizing agents. New findings have been reported for several known sensitizing agents, such as isocyanates, seafood & cleaning agents, and their related industries, such as hairdressing salons and schools. Moreover, a few new sensitizing agents, such as cannabis, have been identified in the past few years. The prognosis of OA seems worse than that of nonwork-related asthma. It is mainly determined by the duration and the level of exposure. Primary prevention is crucial to reduce the number of new cases of OA. Complete avoidance of exposure to the causal agent remains the optimal treatment of sensitizer-induced OA.
Improving our knowledge regarding OA and its causative agents is key to enable an early recognition of this condition and improve its prognosis. Further research is still needed to improve primary prevention.
职业性哮喘（OA）是一种复杂的病症，可能难以诊断。本综述的目的是描述一些关于职业性哮喘的流行病学、职业致敏原、职业性哮喘的预后及其一级预防的最新研究结果。
患职业性哮喘的风险因工人的地理位置、行业类型和致敏原类型而异。对于几种已知的致敏原，如异氰酸酯、海鲜和清洁剂，以及它们相关的行业，如美发沙龙和学校，已有新的研究结果报道。此外，在过去几年中还发现了一些新的致敏原，如大麻。职业性哮喘的预后似乎比非职业性哮喘更差。它主要由接触的持续时间和程度决定。一级预防对于减少职业性哮喘的新病例数量至关重要。完全避免接触致病因子仍然是致敏剂诱发的职业性哮喘的最佳治疗方法。
提高我们对职业性哮喘及其致病因子的认识是早期识别这种病症并改善其预后的关键。仍需要进一步研究以改善一级预防。
