School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America.
American Public Health Association, Physical Activity Section, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Feb 28;19(2):e0297571. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297571. eCollection 2024.
Transgender individuals face stigma, discrimination, and other barriers impacting their ability to engage in physical activity (PA). We aim to review current literature on PA among transgender individuals. A systemic literature search of research studies from 2010-2023 was conducted. Studies must have reported a measure of PA and gender, be original research, and focus on transgender participants' PA. Rates of PA for transgender individuals were lower compared to cisgender or sexual minority individuals. Transgender women were less likely to engage in PA than other groups. Qualitative results suggest transgender oppression, stigma, discrimination, body image, unwelcoming environments (gyms, locker rooms, swimming pools), and the dichotomous structure of sport contribute to lower rates of PA among transgendered individuals. Disparities in PA for transgender individuals exist. Policy, environment, and system changes are needed to reduce transgender stigma in sport and PA settings. Current legislation is being developed and implemented in the United States regarding the place of transgender individuals in sport and PA. These results should inform public discourse on the topic.
跨性别者面临着污名化、歧视和其他障碍，这些障碍影响了他们参与体育活动（PA）的能力。我们旨在回顾跨性别者体育活动的现有文献。对 2010 年至 2023 年的研究进行了系统的文献检索。研究必须报告体育活动的衡量标准和性别，是原始研究，并关注跨性别参与者的体育活动。跨性别者的体育活动参与率低于顺性别者或性少数群体。跨性别女性比其他群体更不可能参与体育活动。定性结果表明，跨性别压迫、污名化、歧视、身体形象、不友好的环境（健身房、更衣室、游泳池）以及体育的二分结构导致跨性别者体育活动参与率较低。跨性别者的体育活动存在差异。需要政策、环境和系统的改变来减少体育和 PA 环境中的跨性别者污名化。美国正在制定和实施关于跨性别者在体育运动中的地位的现行立法。这些结果应该为关于该主题的公众讨论提供信息。
