Gil-Madrona Pedro, Losada-Puente Luisa, Mendiri Paula, Sá César, Silva Inês P, Saraiva Linda
Department of Didactics on Physical, Artistic and Music Education, Faculty of Education, Albacete, University of Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Department of Specific Didactics and Methods of Research and Diagnosis in Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2024 Feb 14;15:1302402. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1302402. eCollection 2024.
Biosocial factors play a crucial role in the physical-motor development (PMD) of children during the preschool age. The present study aims to identify physical-motor profiles throughout preschool age (3-6 years) and explore associations between profiles and selected biosocial factors such as age, sex, prematurity, weight, height, BMI, and participation in extracurricular physical activities. Data from 412 typically developing children (46.6% girls and 53.4% boys), aged 35-71 months (M = 51.21, SD = 10.47) was collected using the Psychomotor Activities Checklist and specifically the scale of Psycho-Motor Aspects. Cluster analysis made it possible to define four different childhood PMD profiles. High PMD; High PMD except left laterality; medium-low PMD; and low PMD. High PMD profile includes older children, with anthropometric measurements closer to the WHO recommendations, fewer preterm children, and greater participation in extracurricular physical activities. Low PMD profile includes younger children, with weight slightly above and height slightly below the WHO recommendations and low participation in extracurricular physical activities. This study allows us to identify specific trends that may be decisive for the motor development of children throughout preschool age, highlighting selected biological variables and participation in extracurricular physical activities.
生物社会因素在学龄前儿童的身体运动发育（PMD）中起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在确定整个学龄前阶段（3至6岁）的身体运动概况，并探讨这些概况与选定的生物社会因素之间的关联，如年龄、性别、早产、体重、身高、体重指数以及参与课外体育活动的情况。使用心理运动活动检查表，特别是心理运动方面的量表，收集了412名发育正常儿童（女孩占46.6%，男孩占53.4%）的数据，年龄在35至71个月之间（M = 51.21，SD = 10.47）。聚类分析使得定义四种不同的儿童期PMD概况成为可能。高身体运动能力；除左侧优势外的高身体运动能力；中低身体运动能力；以及低身体运动能力。高身体运动能力概况包括年龄较大的儿童，其人体测量数据更接近世界卫生组织的建议，早产儿童较少，且参与课外体育活动的程度更高。低身体运动能力概况包括年龄较小的儿童，其体重略高于世界卫生组织的建议，身高略低于该建议，且参与课外体育活动的程度较低。这项研究使我们能够确定可能对整个学龄前儿童运动发育起决定性作用的特定趋势，突出选定的生物学变量和参与课外体育活动的情况。
