Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/@adrian_science.
Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2024 Oct;77(10):821-831. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2024.02.006. Epub 2024 Feb 27.
This study aimed to describe the cardiovascular risk profile of working young adults from Spain and its association with lifestyle.
Participants (18-30 years) were recruited from a nationwide cohort of economically active adults insured by a large occupational risk prevention company, with data obtained from routine medical assessments. The participants were categorized as having an "unhealthy" cardiovascular risk profile based on the presence of prediabetes/diabetes, prehypertension/hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia, or a "healthy" profile if these conditions were completely absent. The association with lifestyle factors (weight, physical activity, sleeping characteristics, alcohol consumption, smoking) was assessed.
A total of 78 421 young adults (27±2 years, 36% female) were evaluated at baseline. The "unhealthy" cardiovascular risk profile was prevalent (18%) and inversely associated (OR, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.57-0.80) with an optimal lifestyle (normal weight, regular physical activity, no drinking/smoking, and good sleep). The latter condition was found in only 3.5% of the participants. On the other hand, prospective analyses in 44 776 participants (median follow-up=2 [range 2-5] years) showed that 2.0% transitioned from a "healthy" to an "unhealthy" profile. Being physically active (OR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.81-0.99) and having a normal weight (OR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.51-0.70) were associated with a lower likelihood of this transition. No consistent associations were found for other lifestyle factors.
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is high in economically active young Spanish adults. An unhealthy cardiovascular risk profile is inversely associated with an optimal lifestyle, but the latter is highly infrequent in this population.
本研究旨在描述西班牙年轻工作成年人的心血管风险概况及其与生活方式的关系。
参与者（18-30 岁）是从一家大型职业风险预防公司承保的经济活跃成年人的全国性队列中招募的，数据来自常规医疗评估。根据是否存在前驱糖尿病/糖尿病、前高血压/高血压或高胆固醇血症，将参与者分为“不健康”心血管风险组或“健康”组，如果这些情况完全不存在，则属于“健康”组。评估了与生活方式因素（体重、体力活动、睡眠特征、饮酒、吸烟）的关联。
共有 78421 名年轻成年人（27±2 岁，36%为女性）在基线时进行了评估。“不健康”心血管风险组的患病率较高（18%），与最佳生活方式呈负相关（OR，0.64；95%CI，0.57-0.80）。而后者的情况仅见于 3.5%的参与者。另一方面，在 44776 名参与者（中位随访时间为 2 [范围为 2-5] 年）的前瞻性分析中，有 2.0%的人从“健康”组转变为“不健康”组。积极的体力活动（OR，0.95；95%CI，0.81-0.99）和正常体重（OR，0.61；95%CI，0.51-0.70）与这种转变的可能性较低相关。其他生活方式因素则没有一致的关联。
在经济活跃的西班牙年轻成年人中，心血管危险因素的患病率很高。不健康的心血管风险组与最佳生活方式呈负相关，但在该人群中，这种生活方式很少见。
