Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda, de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón 28922, Spain.
J Diabetes Complications. 2009 Nov-Dec;23(6):394-400. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.06.002. Epub 2008 Aug 6.
Previous studies have observed high prevalences of high blood pressure (HBP), high blood cholesterol (HBC), obesity, and sedentary lifestyle among Spanish diabetic adults. These cardiovascular risk factors and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors occur more often in subjects with diabetes than in the general population. The aim of this study was to examine the trends in cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviors among Spanish adults with diabetes over the decade 1993-2003.
We used individualized data drawn from the 1993 (N=20,880) and 2003 (N=21,650) Spanish National Health Surveys. Subjects were classified as diabetes sufferers if they answered affirmatively to either or both of the following questions: "Has your doctor told you that you are currently suffering from diabetes?" and/or, "Have you taken any medication to treat diabetes in the last two weeks?" Cardiovascular risk factors analyzed included self-reported HBP and HBC. Lifestyle behaviors included obesity (body mass index >or=30), smoking status, and physical activity. We estimated and compared the prevalences and analyzed the time trends using logistic regression models.
In both years studied, the prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle was significantly higher among persons with than among those without diabetes, and current smoking was less frequent. The proportions of diabetes patients with HBP and obesity increased significantly from 39.5% and 20.1% in 1993 to 46.7% and 29.8% in 2003, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.32 (95% CI 1.07-1.62) for HBP and 1.88 (95% CI 1.44-2.46) for obesity.
The overall prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among diabetes patients has shown no improvement in the decade 1993-2003, and there have been significant setbacks, in particular the rise in obesity and HBP.
本研究旨在考察 1993-2003 年间西班牙糖尿病患者的心血管危险因素和生活方式行为趋势。
我们使用了 1993 年（n=20880）和 2003 年（n=21650）西班牙国家健康调查的个体数据。如果患者回答“医生是否告知您目前患有糖尿病？”和/或“过去两周是否服用任何药物治疗糖尿病？”，则将其归类为糖尿病患者。分析的心血管危险因素包括自我报告的高血压和高胆固醇。生活方式行为包括肥胖（身体质量指数≥30）、吸烟状况和身体活动。我们使用逻辑回归模型估计和比较了患病率，并分析了时间趋势。
在研究的两年中，与非糖尿病患者相比，肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式在糖尿病患者中更为普遍，而目前吸烟的情况则较少。1993 年高血压和肥胖的糖尿病患者比例分别为 39.5%和 20.1%，到 2003 年分别上升至 46.7%和 29.8%，高血压的调整比值比为 1.32（95%CI 1.07-1.62），肥胖的调整比值比为 1.88（95%CI 1.44-2.46）。
1993-2003 年间，糖尿病患者的心血管危险因素和不健康生活方式行为的总体患病率没有改善，而且出现了显著的倒退，特别是肥胖和高血压的上升。
