Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 7ª Planta, Bloque D., Av. de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, C/ 19, Av. de Madrid, Km 33,600, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023 Oct 10;30(14):1493-1501. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad204.
To assess whether overweight and obesity are independently associated with cardiometabolic health [as categorized based on the presence/absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, or hypertension)], and the role of lifestyle on this association.
A nationwide cohort of Spanish adults (18-64 years) was studied using a cross-sectional design and prospective observational design. Lifestyle-related factors (physical activity, sleeping characteristics, alcohol drinking, and smoking) were registered, and participants were classified as having an 'unhealthy' or 'healthy' cardiometabolic status attending to the presence or absence, respectively, of ≥1 CVD risk factor. A number of 596 111 participants (44 ± 9 years, 67% male) were studied at baseline, with prospective analyses in a subcohort [n = 302 061; median follow-up, 2 years (range, 2 to 5)]. Compared to normal weight, overweight and obesity were associated with a higher prevalence [odds ratio, 1.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.61-1.67) and 2.70 (2.69-2.78), respectively] and incidence [1.62 (1.59-1.67) and 2.70 (2.63-2.78)] of an unhealthy cardiometabolic status. Meeting physical activity guidelines reduced the odds of an unhealthy cardiometabolic status at baseline [0.87 (0.85-0.88)] among individuals with overweight/obesity, as well as of transitioning from a healthy status to an unhealthy status during the follow-up [0.87 (0.84-0.94)]. No significant associations were found for the remainder of lifestyle factors.
Overweight and obesity are independently associated with an unhealthy cardiometabolic status. Regular physical activity attenuates not only the prevalence but also the incidence of CVD risk factors.
评估超重和肥胖是否与心血管代谢健康独立相关（根据是否存在心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素[糖尿病、高胆固醇血症或高血压]进行分类），以及生活方式在这种关联中的作用。
使用横断面设计和前瞻性观察设计研究了西班牙成年人（18-64 岁）的全国性队列。记录了与生活方式相关的因素（体力活动、睡眠特征、饮酒和吸烟），并根据是否存在≥1 个 CVD 风险因素，将参与者分为“不健康”或“健康”的心血管代谢状态。在基线时有 596111 名参与者（44±9 岁，67%为男性）接受了研究，在一个亚队列中进行了前瞻性分析[n=302061；中位随访时间为 2 年（范围 2-5 年）]。与正常体重相比，超重和肥胖与更高的患病率[比值比，1.67（95%置信区间，1.61-1.67）和 2.70（2.69-2.78）]和发病率[1.62（1.59-1.67）和 2.70（2.63-2.78）]相关不健康的心血管代谢状态。在超重/肥胖人群中，达到体力活动指南可降低基线时不健康心血管代谢状态的几率[0.87（0.85-0.88）]，以及在随访期间从健康状态转变为不健康状态的几率[0.87（0.84-0.94）]。对于其余的生活方式因素，没有发现显著的关联。
超重和肥胖与不健康的心血管代谢状态独立相关。定期进行体力活动不仅可以降低 CVD 风险因素的患病率，还可以降低其发病率。
