College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Environ Manage. 2024 Aug;74(2):192-205. doi: 10.1007/s00267-024-01951-z. Epub 2024 Feb 29.
With economic and societal development, the ecological environment of the Yellow River Delta-Laizhou Bay coastal zone has been seriously damaged. Exploring the changes in land use and ecosystem service value (ESV) is essential to ecological construction of the region. The random forest classification method was used for land cover interpretation of the four periods of remote sensing images in the study area from 1990 to 2020. Newly calculated regional difference coefficients and social development coefficients were used to construct a dynamic ESV assessment model and to study its changes from overall and sea‒land gradient perspectives. The results showed that construction land, salt pans, aquaculture ponds, and inland water masses expanded rapidly, while cropland, tidal flats, and shallow waters shrank sharply over the past 30 years. The ESV in the study area has continued to decrease from 34.47 billion yuan in 1990 to 25.23 billion yuan in 2020, a total decrease of 9.23 billion yuan. This is mostly due to the encroachment of construction land, salt pans, and aquaculture ponds, and the flow of ecosystem services from high-value land cover types (tidal flats, herbaceous wetlands, and cropland) to medium- and low-value land cover types. Moreover, the land cover transfer and ESVs exhibited a decreasing trend from sea to land, with significant sea-land gradient differences. Land conversion is most common in the 0-15 km coastal zone, mainly from natural wetlands to artificial wetlands, where the ESV also decreases rapidly. Considering the regional differences and social development in this paper, the ESV of small-scale areas can be reasonably evaluated to explore the characteristics and causes of changes in land use and ESVs, which can provide an important reference for ecological protection and land use management in the region.
随着经济社会的发展，黄河三角洲-莱州湾沿海地区的生态环境遭到了严重破坏。探讨土地利用和生态系统服务价值（ESV）的变化对于该地区的生态建设至关重要。本研究采用随机森林分类方法对研究区 1990 年至 2020 年四个时期的遥感影像进行了土地覆盖解译。利用新计算的区域差异系数和社会发展系数构建了动态 ESV 评估模型，并从整体和陆海梯度两个方面研究了其变化。结果表明，在过去 30 年里，建设用地、盐田、养殖池塘和内陆水体迅速扩张，而耕地、潮滩和浅水则急剧萎缩。研究区的 ESV 从 1990 年的 344.7 亿元持续下降到 2020 年的 252.3 亿元，总减少 92.3 亿元。这主要是由于建设用地、盐田和养殖池塘的侵占，以及生态系统服务从高价值土地覆盖类型（潮滩、草本湿地和耕地）向中低价值土地覆盖类型的转移。此外，土地覆盖转移和 ESV 呈现出从海到陆的递减趋势，陆海梯度差异显著。土地转换最常见于 0-15 公里的沿海带，主要是从自然湿地到人工湿地，ESV 也迅速下降。考虑到本文的区域差异和社会发展，可以合理评估小尺度区域的 ESV，以探讨土地利用和 ESV 变化的特征和原因，为该地区的生态保护和土地利用管理提供重要参考。
