Sun Qian-Hui, Kuang Zi-Yu, Zhu Guang-Hui, Ni Bao-Yi, Li Jie
Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2024 Feb 15;16(2):300-313. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.300.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have received much attention in the past decade as potential key epigenomic regulators of tumors and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The abnormal expression of miRNAs is responsible for different phenotypes of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs). Some specific miRNAs could be used as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the identification of GCSCs. This review summarizes the coding process and biological functions of miRNAs and demonstrates their role and efficacy in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis, drug resistance, and apoptosis, especially in the regulatory mechanism of GCSCs. It shows that the overexpression of onco-miRNAs and silencing of tumor-suppressor miRNAs can play a role in promoting or inhibiting tumor metastasis, apart from the initial formation of GC. It also discusses the epigenetic regulation and potential clinical applications of miRNAs as well as the role of CSCs in the pathogenesis of GC. We believe that this review may help in designing novel therapeutic approaches for GC.
在过去十年中，微小RNA（miRNA）作为肿瘤和癌症干细胞（CSC）潜在的关键表观基因组调节因子受到了广泛关注。miRNA的异常表达与胃癌干细胞（GCSC）的不同表型有关。一些特定的miRNA可作为识别GCSC的有前景的生物标志物和治疗靶点。本综述总结了miRNA的编码过程和生物学功能，并阐述了它们在胃癌（GC）转移、耐药性和凋亡中的作用及功效，特别是在GCSC的调节机制方面。结果表明，致癌miRNA的过表达和肿瘤抑制miRNA的沉默除了在GC的初始形成中起作用外，还可在促进或抑制肿瘤转移中发挥作用。此外，本文还讨论了miRNA的表观遗传调控及其潜在的临床应用，以及CSC在GC发病机制中的作用。我们相信，本综述可能有助于设计针对GC的新型治疗方法。
