Lone Jameel Barkat, Long Jonathan Z, Svensson Katrin J
Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Life Metab. 2024 Feb;3(1). doi: 10.1093/lifemeta/load048. Epub 2023 Dec 8.
The endocrine system is a fundamental type of long-range cell-cell communication that is important for maintaining metabolism, physiology, and other aspects of organismal homeostasis. Endocrine signaling is mediated by diverse blood-borne ligands, also called hormones, including metabolites, lipids, steroids, peptides, and proteins. The size and structure of these hormones are fine-tuned to make them bioactive, responsive, and adaptable to meet the demands of changing environments. Why has nature selected such diverse ligand types to mediate communication in the endocrine system? What is the chemical, signaling, or physiologic logic of these ligands? What fundamental principles from our knowledge of endocrine communication can be applied as we continue as a field to uncover additional new circulating molecules that are claimed to mediate long-range cell and tissue crosstalk? This review provides a framework based on the biochemical logic behind this crosstalk with respect to their chemistry, temporal regulation in physiology, specificity, signaling actions, and evolutionary development.
内分泌系统是一种重要的远距离细胞间通讯方式，对维持新陈代谢、生理功能以及机体稳态的其他方面至关重要。内分泌信号传导由多种血液传播的配体介导，这些配体也被称为激素，包括代谢物、脂质、类固醇、肽和蛋白质。这些激素的大小和结构经过精细调节，使其具有生物活性、反应性并能适应不断变化的环境需求。为什么大自然选择了如此多样的配体类型来介导内分泌系统中的通讯？这些配体的化学、信号传导或生理逻辑是什么？在我们这个领域继续发现更多据称介导远距离细胞和组织相互作用的新循环分子时，从我们对内分泌通讯的认识中可以应用哪些基本原理？本综述提供了一个基于这种相互作用背后生化逻辑的框架，涉及它们的化学性质、生理时间调节、特异性、信号传导作用和进化发展。
