Kumar Satyam, Alawieh Hussein, Racz Frigyes Samuel, Fakhreddine Rawan, Millán José Del R
Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
PNAS Nexus. 2024 Feb 16;3(2):pgae076. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae076. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Subject training is crucial for acquiring brain-computer interface (BCI) control. Typically, this requires collecting user-specific calibration data due to high inter-subject neural variability that limits the usability of generic decoders. However, calibration is cumbersome and may produce inadequate data for building decoders, especially with naïve subjects. Here, we show that a decoder trained on the data of a single expert is readily transferrable to inexperienced users via domain adaptation techniques allowing calibration-free BCI training. We introduce two real-time frameworks, (i) Generic Recentering (GR) through unsupervised adaptation and (ii) Personally Assisted Recentering (PAR) that extends GR by employing supervised recalibration of the decoder parameters. We evaluated our frameworks on 18 healthy naïve subjects over five online sessions, who operated a customary synchronous bar task with continuous feedback and a more challenging car racing game with asynchronous control and discrete feedback. We show that along with improved task-oriented BCI performance in both tasks, our frameworks promoted subjects' ability to acquire individual BCI skills, as the initial neurophysiological control features of an expert subject evolved and became subject specific. Furthermore, those features were task-specific and were learned in parallel as participants practiced the two tasks in every session. Contrary to previous findings implying that supervised methods lead to improved online BCI control, we observed that longitudinal training coupled with unsupervised domain matching (GR) achieved similar performance to supervised recalibration (PAR). Therefore, our presented frameworks facilitate calibration-free BCIs and have immediate implications for broader populations-such as patients with neurological pathologies-who might struggle to provide suitable initial calibration data.
主题训练对于获取脑机接口(BCI)控制至关重要。通常,由于个体间神经变异性较高,限制了通用解码器的可用性,这就需要收集特定用户的校准数据。然而,校准过程繁琐,可能会产生用于构建解码器的数据不足的情况,尤其是对于新手受试者。在此,我们表明,通过领域自适应技术,在单个专家数据上训练的解码器可以很容易地转移到没有经验的用户身上,从而实现无需校准的BCI训练。我们引入了两个实时框架,(i)通过无监督自适应的通用重新定位(GR)和(ii)通过对解码器参数进行监督重新校准来扩展GR的个人辅助重新定位(PAR)。我们在18名健康新手受试者身上进行了五个在线阶段的评估,他们操作了一个带有连续反馈的传统同步条任务以及一个具有异步控制和离散反馈的更具挑战性的赛车游戏。我们表明,随着两项任务中面向任务的BCI性能的提高,我们的框架提升了受试者获取个体BCI技能的能力,因为专家受试者的初始神经生理控制特征不断演变并变得具有个体特异性。此外,这些特征是特定于任务的,并且在参与者每次训练两项任务时并行学习。与之前暗示监督方法可改善在线BCI控制的研究结果相反,我们观察到纵向训练与无监督领域匹配(GR)相结合取得了与监督重新校准(PAR)相似的性能。因此,我们提出的框架促进了无需校准的BCI,并对更广泛的人群(如患有神经病理学疾病的患者)具有直接意义,这些人群可能难以提供合适的初始校准数据。
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