Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), 11835, New Administrative Capital, Egypt; School of Medicine, University of North California, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), 11835, New Administrative Capital, Egypt.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2024 Apr;196:104312. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104312. Epub 2024 Feb 28.
The concept of 'Hallmarks of Cancer' is an approach of reducing the enormous complexity of cancer to a set of guiding principles. As the underlying mechanism of cancer are portrayed, we find that we gain insight and additional aspects of the disease arise. The understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) brought a new dimension and led to the discovery of novel hallmarks such as senescent cells, non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming, polymorphic microbiomes and unlocked phenotypic plasticity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded, covalently closed RNA molecules that are ubiquitous across all species. Recent studies on the circRNAs have highlighted their crucial function in regulating the formation of human malignancies through a range of biological processes. The primary goal of this review is to clarify the role of circRNAs in the most common form of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review also addressed the topic of how circRNAs affect HCC hallmarks, including the new generation hallmarks. Finally, the enormous applications that these rapidly expanding ncRNA molecules serve in the functional and molecular development of effective HCC diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
“癌症的标志”概念是一种将癌症的巨大复杂性简化为一组指导原则的方法。随着癌症潜在机制的描绘，我们发现我们获得了深入的了解，并且疾病的其他方面也出现了。对肿瘤微环境（TME）的理解带来了新的维度，并发现了新的标志，如衰老细胞、非突变性表观遗传重编程、多态微生物组和解锁表型可塑性。环状 RNA（circRNA）是一种单链、共价封闭的 RNA 分子，在所有物种中普遍存在。最近对 circRNA 的研究强调了它们通过一系列生物学过程在调节人类恶性肿瘤形成中的关键作用。本综述的主要目的是阐明 circRNA 在最常见的肝癌——肝细胞癌（HCC）中的作用。本综述还讨论了 circRNA 如何影响 HCC 标志，包括新一代标志。最后，这些快速扩展的 ncRNA 分子在 HCC 有效诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的功能和分子开发中的巨大应用。
