Faculty of Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey.
Çerkeş Vocational School of Higher Education, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Mar 2;196(3):331. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12465-w.
Due to a rising population and urbanization, the green areas have been decreasing in cities, with a negative impact on air pollution, human health, and ecosystem. As part of the urban environment, university campuses contribute to urban ecosystem with their vegetation. This study aims to (1) assess the change of vegetative land cover of the Çankırı Karatekin University in Turkey and (2) evaluate its benefits to the ecosystem in terms of carbon sequestration, storage, and improvement of air quality by means of a simulation. In the study, the density and vegetation change were assessed with NDVI and LST analyses in ArcGIS; carbon emissions and air pollution benefits were estimated in i-Tree Canopy tool. The study showed that the healthy vegetation consisting of trees/shrubs and grass/herbaceous, which was 32.2% (28 ha) in 2000, increased to 85% (74 ha) in 2020 NDVI maps, and the surface temperature also increased between 2000 and 2020 in LST maps.The rise in vegetation as grass/herbaceous areas instead of trees/shrubs and the use of impervious buildings/roads on the land surface increased the land surface temperature. As a result of the analyses in the i-Tree-Canopy tool, it was estimated that the trees/shrubs and grass/herbaceous vegetation canopy covering 31.42% of the study area removed a total of 512,845.65 g of pollutant gas and particles from the air, 20.79 tonnes of carbon sequestered annually, and 522.01 tonnes of carbon stored by vegetative land cover. In the simulation, where 32.62% soil/bare ground areas were converted to trees/shrubs in order to improve vegetation cover in the area, it was determined that it contributed 5 times more to the ecosystem service value for removing pollutants from the air, carbon storage, and improving the ecosystem. It was revealed that the vegetative land cover formed by tree/shrub species should be increased in the campus in the future. The study method model serves as a tool for planning and designing eco-friendly urban environment.
由于人口增长和城市化，城市中的绿地面积不断减少，对空气污染、人类健康和生态系统产生了负面影响。作为城市环境的一部分，大学校园的植被为城市生态系统做出了贡献。本研究旨在：（1）评估土耳其恰纳卡莱卡德柯伊大学的植被土地覆盖变化；（2）通过模拟评估其在碳封存、储存和改善空气质量方面对生态系统的益处。在研究中，利用 ArcGIS 中的 NDVI 和 LST 分析评估了密度和植被变化；利用 i-Tree Canopy 工具估算了碳排放量和空气污染效益。研究表明，由树木/灌木和草/草本组成的健康植被（2000 年为 32.2%，即 28 公顷）在 2020 年的 NDVI 图中增加到 85%（74 公顷），而 LST 图中 2000 年至 2020 年的地表温度也有所增加。由于草/草本区域的植被增加而不是树木/灌木，以及不透水建筑物/道路在地表的使用，导致地表温度升高。通过 i-Tree-Canopy 工具的分析，估计研究区域 31.42%的树木/灌木和草/草本植被冠层从空气中总共去除了 512,845.65 克污染物气体和颗粒，每年固定 20.79 吨碳，并通过植被覆盖储存 522.01 吨碳。在模拟中，为了提高该地区的植被覆盖率，将 32.62%的土壤/裸地转化为树木/灌木，结果表明，这对从空气中去除污染物、碳储存和改善生态系统的生态系统服务价值的贡献增加了 5 倍。研究结果表明，未来应增加校园内树木/灌木物种的植被覆盖。该研究方法模型可作为规划和设计环保型城市环境的工具。
