Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China.
Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China.
J Transl Med. 2024 Mar 1;22(1):224. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05020-1.
In recent years, natural bone extracellular matrix (ECM)-inspired materials have found widespread application as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. However, the challenge of creating scaffolds that mimic natural bone ECM's mechanical strength and hierarchical nano-micro-macro structures remains. The purposes of this study were to introduce an innovative bone ECM-inspired scaffold that integrates a 3D-printed framework with hydroxyapatite (HAp) mineralized graphene oxide-collagen (GO-Col) microscaffolds and find its application in the repair of mandibular bone defects.
Initially, a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold was designed with cubic disks and square pores to mimic the macrostructure of bone ECM. Subsequently, we developed multi-layer mineralized GO-Col-HAp microscaffolds (MLM GCH) to simulate natural bone ECM's nano- and microstructural features. Systematic in vitro and in vivo experiments were introduced to evaluate the ECM-inspired structure of the scaffold and to explore its effect on cell proliferation and its ability to repair rat bone defects.
The resultant MLM GCH/PCL composite scaffolds exhibited robust mechanical strength and ample assembly space. Moreover, the ECM-inspired MLM GCH microscaffolds displayed favorable attributes such as water absorption and retention and demonstrated promising cell adsorption, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The MLM GCH/PCL composite scaffolds exhibited successful bone regeneration within mandibular bone defects in vivo.
This study presents a well-conceived strategy for fabricating ECM-inspired scaffolds by integrating 3D-printed PCL frameworks with multilayer mineralized porous microscaffolds, enhancing cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and bone regeneration. This construction approach holds the potential for extension to various other biomaterial types.
近年来，天然骨细胞外基质（ECM）启发的材料已广泛应用于骨组织工程支架。然而，制造模仿天然骨 ECM 的机械强度和层次纳米-微-宏观结构的支架仍然具有挑战性。本研究的目的是引入一种创新的骨 ECM 启发支架，该支架将 3D 打印框架与羟基磷灰石（HAp）矿化氧化石墨烯-胶原（GO-Col）微支架结合，并将其应用于下颌骨缺损的修复。
最初，设计了具有立方盘和方形孔的 3D 打印聚己内酯（PCL）支架，以模拟骨 ECM 的宏观结构。随后，我们开发了多层矿化 GO-Col-HAp 微支架（MLM GCH），以模拟天然骨 ECM 的纳米和微观结构特征。引入系统的体外和体内实验来评估支架的 ECM 启发结构，并探索其对细胞增殖的影响及其修复大鼠骨缺损的能力。
所得的 MLM GCH/PCL 复合支架表现出强大的机械强度和充足的组装空间。此外，ECM 启发的 MLM GCH 微支架具有良好的吸水性和保持性，并表现出体外良好的细胞吸附、增殖和成骨分化能力。MLM GCH/PCL 复合支架在体内下颌骨缺损中成功实现了骨再生。
本研究提出了一种通过将 3D 打印 PCL 框架与多层矿化多孔微支架相结合来制造 ECM 启发支架的合理策略，增强了细胞增殖、成骨分化和骨再生。这种构建方法有可能扩展到各种其他生物材料类型。
