Su Qiao, Qiao Yixin, Xiao Yile, Yang Shuhao, Wu Haoming, Li Jianan, He Xinlong, Hu Xulin, Yang Hui, Yong Xin
Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 16;11:1259696. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1259696. eCollection 2023.
The clinical challenge of bone defects in the craniomaxillofacial region, which can lead to significant physiological dysfunction and psychological distress, persists due to the complex and unique anatomy of craniomaxillofacial bones. These critical-sized defects require the use of bone grafts or substitutes for effective reconstruction. However, current biomaterials and methods have specific limitations in meeting the clinical demands for structural reinforcement, mechanical support, exceptional biological performance, and aesthetically pleasing reconstruction of the facial structure. These drawbacks have led to a growing need for novel materials and technologies. The growing development of 3D printing can offer significant advantages to address these issues, as demonstrated by the fabrication of patient-specific bioactive constructs with controlled structural design for complex bone defects in medical applications using this technology. Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK), among a number of materials used, is gaining recognition as a feasible substitute for a customized structure that closely resembles natural bone. It has proven to be an excellent, conformable, and 3D-printable material with the potential to replace traditional autografts and titanium implants. However, its biological inertness poses certain limitations. Therefore, this review summarizes the distinctive features of craniomaxillofacial bones and current methods for bone reconstruction, and then focuses on the increasingly applied 3D printed PEEK constructs in this field and an update on the advanced modifications for improved mechanical properties, biological performance, and antibacterial capacity. Exploring the potential of 3D printed PEEK is expected to lead to more cost-effective, biocompatible, and personalized treatment of craniomaxillofacial bone defects in clinical applications.
颅颌面区域的骨缺损会导致严重的生理功能障碍和心理困扰，由于颅颌面骨骼复杂独特的解剖结构，这一临床挑战依然存在。这些临界尺寸的骨缺损需要使用骨移植物或替代物进行有效的重建。然而，目前的生物材料和方法在满足结构加固、机械支撑、卓越生物学性能以及面部结构美观重建的临床需求方面存在特定局限性。这些缺点导致对新型材料和技术的需求日益增长。3D打印技术的不断发展可为解决这些问题带来显著优势，在医学应用中利用该技术制造具有可控结构设计的针对复杂骨缺损的个性化生物活性构建体就证明了这一点。在众多使用的材料中，聚醚醚酮（PEEK）作为一种与天然骨极为相似的定制结构的可行替代物正逐渐获得认可。事实证明，它是一种出色的、贴合的且可3D打印的材料，有潜力取代传统的自体骨移植和钛植入物。然而，其生物惰性也带来了一定的局限性。因此，本综述总结了颅颌面骨骼的独特特征和当前的骨重建方法，然后重点介绍了该领域中越来越多地应用的3D打印PEEK构建体以及为改善机械性能、生物学性能和抗菌能力而进行的先进改性的最新情况。探索3D打印PEEK的潜力有望在临床应用中实现对颅颌面骨缺损更具成本效益、生物相容性更好且个性化的治疗。
