State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Department of Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
Biomater Adv. 2024 May;159:213820. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213820. Epub 2024 Feb 28.
Bacterial infection is a global health problem that closely related to various diseases threatening human life. Although antibiotic therapy has been the mainstream treatment method for various bacterial infectious diseases for decades, the increasing emergence of bacterial drug resistance has brought enormous challenges to the application of antibiotics. Therefore, developing novel antibacterial strategies is of great importance. By producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) with photosensitizers (PSs) under light irradiation, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a non-invasive and promising approach for treating bacterial infections without causing drug resistance. However, the insufficient therapeutic penetration, poor hydrophilicity, and poor biocompatibility of traditional PSs greatly limit the efficacy of aPDT. Recently, studies have found that nanomaterials with characteristics of favorable photocatalytic activity, surface plasmonic resonance, easy modification, and high drug loading capacity can improve the therapeutic efficacy of aPDT. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of nanomaterials-mediated aPDT and summarize the representative nanomaterials in aPDT, either as PSs or carriers for PSs. In addition, the combination of advanced nanomaterials-mediated aPDT with other therapies, including targeted therapy, gas therapy, and multidrug resistance (MDR) therapy, is reviewed. Also, the concerns and possible solutions of nanomaterials-based aPDT are discussed. Overall, this review may provide theoretical basis and inspiration for the development of nanomaterials-based aPDT.
细菌感染是一个全球性的健康问题，与威胁人类生命的各种疾病密切相关。尽管抗生素治疗几十年来一直是治疗各种细菌性传染病的主流方法，但细菌耐药性的不断出现给抗生素的应用带来了巨大挑战。因此，开发新型抗菌策略至关重要。通过在光照射下用光敏剂（PSs）产生活性氧（ROS），光动力抗菌疗法（aPDT）作为一种非侵入性的、有前途的治疗细菌感染的方法，避免了耐药性的产生。然而，传统 PSs 的治疗穿透不足、亲水性差和生物相容性差，极大地限制了 aPDT 的疗效。最近，研究发现具有良好光催化活性、表面等离子体共振、易于修饰和高载药能力的纳米材料可以提高 aPDT 的疗效。在这篇综述中，我们旨在全面了解纳米材料介导的 aPDT 的机制，并总结 aPDT 中代表性的纳米材料，无论是作为 PSs 还是 PSs 的载体。此外，还综述了先进的纳米材料介导的 aPDT 与其他疗法（包括靶向治疗、气体治疗和多药耐药（MDR）治疗）的结合。还讨论了基于纳米材料的 aPDT 的关注点和可能的解决方案。总体而言，这篇综述可能为基于纳米材料的 aPDT 的发展提供理论基础和启示。
